This paper presents an inductor current-based maximum power point tracking (IC-MPPT) strategy and a single-inductor multi-input single-output (SI-MISO) structure with energy storage battery for distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this study framework, the duty cycle of each PV channel can be controlled independently based on the presented IC-MPPT strategy, and the components/sensors costs are reduced through the presented SI-MISO PV system structure. In addition, a model predictive control (MPC) method is presented to regulate DC bus voltage, by controlling the bidirectional converter in the battery circuit. The presented control strategies have been rigorously derived and experimentally validated, and the experimental results demonstrate that each PV module can rapidly and efficiently track to the maximum power point in less than 0.016 s, while the bus voltage is stabilized near the set value, with an overshoot of less than 2.6%.

Lithium batteries are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) energy storage systems because of their long life and high energy density. This paper presents an active state-of charge (SOC) balancing system architecture for EVs utilizing isolated DC-DC power converters. The system consists of multiple battery cells connected in series and parallel with different DC-DC converters. By adjusting the duty cycle of each converter, not only the active SOC balancing of the battery can be realized, but also the continuous and stable power supply to both high-voltage and low-voltage loads can be provided simultaneously without additional power loss. In this paper, the working principle of this system architecture is described in detail, and a simulation model is built using Matlab/Simulink to verify the experiment.