Ripesh Bhujel

Mr. Ripesh Bhujel

Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu, Bāgmatī, Nepal
orcid

Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

6Years (2021-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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30 July 2025 in Pharmaceutics
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
RBRipesh Bhujel
Ripesh Bhujel
VEViktoria Enkmann
Viktoria Enkmann
HBHannes-Oliver Burgstaller
Hannes-Oliver Burgstaller
Ravi MaharjanRavi Maharjan
Ravi Maharjan
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and nanomedicine has transformed cancer vaccine development, particularly in optimizing RNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Stability and targeted delivery are major obstacles to the clinical translation of promising RNA-LNP vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. This systematic review analyzes the AI’s impact on LNP engineering through machine learning-driven predictive models, generative adversarial networks (GANs) for novel lipid design, and neural network-enhanced biodistribution prediction. AI reduces the therapeutic development timeline through accelerated virtual screening of millions of lipid combinations, compared to conventional high-throughput screening. Furthermore, AI-optimized LNPs demonstrate improved tumor targeting. GAN-generated lipids show structural novelty while maintaining higher encapsulation efficiency; graph neural networks predict RNA-LNP binding affinity with high accuracy vs. experimental data; digital twins reduce lyophilization optimization from years to months; and federated learning models enable multi-institutional data sharing. We propose a framework to address key technical challenges: training data quality (min. 15,000 lipid structures), model interpretability (SHAP > 0.65), and regulatory compliance (21CFR Part 11). AI integration reduces manufacturing costs and makes personalized cancer vaccine affordable. Future directions need to prioritize quantum machine learning for stability prediction and edge computing for real-time formulation modifications.

1 August 2021 in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
Verified
Journal Article
Closed access
RBRipesh Bhujel
Ripesh Bhujel
Ravi MaharjanRavi Maharjan
Ravi Maharjan
NKNam Ah Kim
Nam Ah Kim
SJSeong Hoon Jeong
Seong Hoon Jeong

27 July 2023 in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
Verified
Journal Article
Closed access
KKKi Hyun Kim
Ki Hyun Kim
RBRipesh Bhujel
Ripesh Bhujel
Ravi MaharjanRavi Maharjan
Ravi Maharjan
JLJae Chul Lee
Jae Chul Lee
HJHun Soon Jung
Hun Soon Jung
SJSeong Hoon Jeong
Seong Hoon Jeong

18 February 2022 in Molecules
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
Ravi MaharjanRavi Maharjan
Ravi Maharjan
JJJunoh Jeong
Junoh Jeong
RBRipesh Bhujel
Ripesh Bhujel
Min-Soo KimMin-Soo Kim
Min-Soo Kim
Hyo-Kyung HanHyo-Kyung Han
Hyo-Kyung Han
SJSeong Hoon Jeong
Seong Hoon Jeong
The solubility of glibenclamide was evaluated in DMSO, NMP, 1,4-dioxane, PEG 400, Transcutol® HP, water, and aqueous mixtures (T = 293.15~323.15 K). It was then recrystallized to solvate and compressed into tablets, of which 30-day stability and dissolution was studied. It had a higher solubility in 1,4-dioxane, DMSO, NMP (Xexp = 2.30 × 103, 3.08 × 104, 2.90 × 104) at 323.15 K, its mixture (Xexp = 1.93 × 103, 1.89 × 104, 1.58 × 104) at 298.15 K, and 1,4-dioxane (w) + water (1−w) mixture ratio of w = 0.8 (Xexp = 3.74 × 103) at 323.15 K. Modified Apelblat (RMSD ≤ 0.519) and CNIBS/R-K model (RMSD ≤ 0.358) suggested good comparability with the experimental solubility. The minimum value of ΔG° vs ΔH° at 0.70 < x2 < 0.80 suggested higher solubility at that molar concentration. Based on the solubility, it was recrystallized into the solvate, which was granulated and compressed into tablets. Among the studied solvates, the tablets of glibenclamide dioxane solvate had a higher initial (95.51%) and 30-day (93.74%) dissolution compared to glibenclamide reference (28.93%). There was no stability issue even after granulation, drying, or at pH 7.4. Thus, glibenclamide dioxane solvate could be an alternative form to improve the molecule’s properties.