Sustainable gardening activities can be the basis to reduce poverty while preserving culture. By generating economic inclusion, gardening can provide the entry point into society for vulnerable communities. Community stakeholders in Mexico City and Northeast Ohio were studied to analyze whether sustainable gardening can generate economic inclusion while preserving culture. Through in-depth interviews, the relationship between these three components is analyzed. In particular, topics such as gardening experience, family traditions, institutional support, economic barriers, use of technology, cropping methods, and social integration were explored. From conception to implementation and analysis, the goal of agency building reinforced social sustainability. In addition to interpretive qualitative interviews, experiential research was conducted through a “working-with” model where the communities in reference contributed intellectual resources to the project-based research design. Primary results fall into three primary categories including gardening methods, cultural preservation, and economic factors. In each analyzed case, implications of cultural preservation emerge as a foundational motivation to maintain the particular agricultural practice. Despite significant economic barriers, including high poverty rates, the cases in reference nonetheless maintain traditions, thus highlighting the importance of culture. Negative economic implications suggest an absence of institutional support, which contribute to issues of poverty and low quality of life. Social implications indicate a level of marginalization that contributes to the aforementioned economic and institutional barriers.

"Inversión Extranjera Directa y Crecimiento Económico "

The effects of financial system on economic growth rate are identified. To do this in an endogenous stochastic growth model with two types of financial systems, efficient and inefficient ones, the effects on growth are studied. This investigation shows that financial inefficiency has a negative impact on growth. A financial regulation through a capital yield tax corrects negative impacts on growth; furthermore, the necessary conditions for growing under this scenario are characterized. An empirical study is carried out in order to verify the relationship between economic growth and financial regulations.

This paper seeks determines how the possession of health and social protection assets affects the probability of a household belonging to a given quintile of a proposed asset ownership index. An ordered logistic regression model was constructed. As a dependent variable, the quintile of each household was used according to the index. This research is based on 48 explanatory variables from the 2020 National Income and Expenses Survey. It confirms that health and social protection assets are relevant in the location of households in a quintile according to its socioeconomic condition. Estimated marginal effects and predictions for every quintile, show that the effect of the assets varies according to the quintile. Ownership of specific assets increase the likelihood of belonging to the higher quintiles. The possession of a voluntary pension fund is the most relevant asset. The empirical results obtained may contribute to design more efficient inequality-reducing public policies by promoting its acquisition and thereby encouraging social mobility. Main limitations of this research are related with the small number of health and social-protection related variables in the survey.

ResumenMediante un modelo de crecimiento endógeno estocástico, de economía cerrada, con agentes económicos que inicialmente tienen dotaciones iniciales y preferencias iguales entre sí y con sistema financiero se caracteriza el equilibrio y se verifica que cuando el sistema financiero es eficiente la reasignación del capital en la economía no sufre distorsiones y la tasa de crecimiento de equilibrio se mantiene. Sin embargo, si el sistema financiero es ineficiente, entonces aparecen distorsiones que generan un elevado costo del capital afectando de manera negativa a las empresas de tipo prestatario y, en consecuencia, la tasa de crecimiento de equilibrio cae. Asimismo, un sistema financiero ineficiente genera disminuciones en el bienestar económico.AbstractIn the framework of a closed economy, identical agents, constant returns to scale and introducing a financial market, through a model of endogenous growth the macroeconomic equilibrium is characterized and it is shown that capital distribution is perfect with the existence of an efficient financial market. Nevertheless, the capital distribution is ineffective when the financial market is not efficient, which generates distortions that increase the cost of capital and hence rate of growth decreases. At the same time, a welfare analysis is carried out to verify the impact due to both types of financial markets, an efficient one and an inefficient one