Riyad Al-Issa is a PhD Candidate in Sociology at the Institute for Social Science Studies (University Putra Malaysia). He completed his MA in Educational Psychology, also at University Putra Malaysia. His doctoral research explores Muslim youth afterlife beliefs. His main research interests centers on how Muslim youth understand and integrate afterlife beliefs in everyday life. He is currently working on developing scales for measuring Islamic afterlife beliefs, such as: Afterlife reward and punishment beliefs (ARPB), Afterlife Hope Expectations (AHE) and Afterlife Fear Expectations (AFE), Compulsory Temporary Afterlife Punishment Belief (CTAPB)Temporary Afterlife Punishment Expectations (TAPE) scale.