The broad range of applications offered by synthetic biology and bioengineering has revolutionized the ability to design and redesign microorganisms to express specific functions, overcoming the limitations of natural biological systems. This advancement has been achieved through the use of mathematical models and genetic circuits, enabling the precise design of synthetic microbial communities. These are defined as artificially created communities through co-cultures of selected species that share similar characteristics and environments. Reprogramming an organism is carried out by inserting synthetic genetic circuits, which are designed in a controlled manner to obtain biotechnological products beneficial to humans, their health, and the environment. The potential applications in medicine, bioremediation, industry, and pharmaceuticals make the research of synthetic microbial communities a promising field for the future. However, the implementation of synthetic microbial communities carries potential risks, such as horizontal gene transfer and possible environmental impacts. It is crucial to carefully evaluate these functions and risks, considering biocontainment and the associated ethical and ecological implications.

The One Health approach offers an integrative framework to understand infectious threats, environmental factors, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and how their interactions affect the human–animal–environment interface. This review examines the epidemiology, transmission pathways, and mechanisms of microorganisms of public health importance (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses). It highlights the interconnectedness of ecosystems, where the environment plays a central role in the dissemination of pathogens, driven by climate change, globalization, agricultural intensification, and habitat degradation. AMR is a major concern, driven by the indiscriminate use of pharmaceuticals in human, veterinary, and agricultural settings, horizontal gene transfer through mobile genetic elements, and microbial evolution. The study of different pathogens is of great importance due to their high prevalence in different ecosystems, their virulence, clinical interest, and mortality rates produced. Some of them are ESKAPE bacteria, Candida auris, Plasmodium falciparum, and emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, which present complex transmission dynamics influenced by ecological and health determinants. The review also addresses the effects of climate change on the persistence and geographic spread of pathogens. Successful implementation of the One Health program requires intersectoral policies, integrated surveillance systems, prudent use of antimicrobials and investment in translational science. Coordinating these strategies is essential to limit the spread of pathogens, protect biodiversity, and save global health in the face of the growing threat of infectious diseases.

Background: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a respiratory tract disease that affects children and adults and is characterized by the recurrent proliferation of multiple papillomas. The etiologic agent is the human papillomavirus, mainly genotypes 6 and 11. Furthermore, polymorphisms in TAP1 appear to influence the selection of antigenic peptides and the transport process to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, for their subsequent presentation to T lymphocytes, an essential process against viral diseases and tumor processes. Previous studies have shown that individuals with those polymorphisms are susceptible to immune, infectious, and tumor‐related diseases. The present study aimed to determine the association between the TAP1 rs1057141 (c.1177A>G) and rs1135216 (c.2090A>G) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and RRP.Methods: A case–control study was carried out on a group of 70 individuals (35 controls and 35 patients). RRP diagnosis, HPV genotyping, and viral load were determined through histology and PCR. SNPs rs1057141 and rs1135216 were identified through allelic discrimination, using real‐time PCR. The haplotypic analyses were performed using the Arlequin 3.5 program.Results: HPV‐6 and HPV‐11 were the genotypes found in the samples. In the polymorphism analysis, rs1057141 showed no significant differences (p = 0.049, CI = 0.994–7.331). In contrast, a significant difference was found in rs1135216 (p = 0.039, OR = 2.4) in the allelic analysis, as well as in the dominant (p = 0.027, OR = 3.06), codominant (p = 0.033, OR = 3.06), and additive model (p = 0.043, OR = 2.505) in subjects with the G allele.Conclusion: The G allele in rs1135216 was associated with a genetic risk of susceptibility for RRP in a population in Western Mexico.

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a condition that has no clinical signs and symptoms. LTBI patients are characterized by persistent immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and approximately 5-10% of these infected individuals will develop active TB at some point in their lives. The antigen transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1) is a protein involved in the transport of the antigen from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum by means of the association with MHC class I molecules. It plays a fundamental role in the immune response, promoting the clearance of intracellular pathogens. Our pilot study aimed to determine the association between TAP1 gene 1177A>G (rs1057141) and 2090A>G (rs1135216) genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to LTBI. In this case-control study, 153 individuals from shelters were analyzed (46 were LTBI-positive and 92 were controls). Genotyping of the rs11352216 (2090A>G) and rs1057141 (1177A>G) gene IDs was performed using the Applied Biosystems Step One Thermal Cycler Real-Time PCR allelic discrimination technology. The haplotypic analyses were performed with the Arlequin 3.5 program. Social assistance centers and shelters that serve vulnerable populations represent high-risk sites due to overcrowding and the impaired nutritional status of their residents. The G allele (OR=1.99, CI=1.109-3.587, p=0.021) and the GG genotype of rs11352216 (A>G) were associated with susceptibility to LTBI, according to the codominant genetic model (OR=8.32, CI=1.722-61.98, p=0.007). The rs1057141 (A>G) polymorphism was not associated with LTBI risk. The results suggest that carriers of the G allele of rs1135216 (A>G) are susceptible to LTBI.

A high rate of silver nanoparticle formation, effective against the Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterium, was obtained for the first time by means of a simple, eco-friendly, and low-cost green method in a solution of agave inulin. The study was carried out using the traditional method, in which the effects of the concentration of agave inulin, AgNO₃, temperature, and pH on the synthesis were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Most of the nanoparticles produced were spherical with a size less than 10 nm. In a sample with 20 mg/mL of agave inulin, 1 mM of AgNO₃, T = 23°C, and pH = 12, the highest percentage of Ag⁺ ions available in the solution were reduced for the formation of nanoparticles in less than 40 min, whereas a sample prepared with 60 mg/mL of agave inulin, 10 mM of AgNO₃, T = 23°C, pH = 12, and a storage time of 40 min showed a significant bactericidal effect on the E. coli strain. Agave inulin is a good biological compound for the formation of small, spherical silver nanoparticles. A pH of 12 favors a higher production speed of the silver nanoparticles and better use of the available Ag⁺ ions. In addition to this, the concentration of AgNO₃ is a determining factor for increased formation of the nanoparticles necessary to bactericidal effect.