In recent years, Industry 4.0 has gained relevance in the manufacturing sector. On one hand, it is expected that this new paradigm will affect the entire value chain and increase the capabilities of the manufacturing system as a whole, in terms of interoperability and communication throughout factories and beyond. On the other hand, considering that small and medium-sized enterprises represent one of the main forces in economic development and employment generation, focus is shifting toward said manufacturing paradigm in order to ensure competitiveness in the market in the nearby future. However, economic factors could stand in the way of this migration. Thus, digital retrofit is seen as a possibility for the integration of Industry 4.0, paving the way for unappealing technologies to large investment opportunities. In this article, a thorough literary review is performed regarding the formal implementation of Industry 4.0 applications. The result is the Asset Administration Shell model. Afterward, a methodology is proposed for the design and implementation of the Asset Administration Shell, leading to a digital retrofit approach for manufacturing resources. Finally, the methodology is applied in a turning station, thereby validating an increase in the communication and interoperability of the station, which can be used to add overall value to the manufacturing system.

This paper investigates the seismic behavior of a steel beam-to-concrete-filled steel tubular column connection with external diaphragms. In addition to the multiple advantages observed for manufacturing and assembly, this type of connection is expected to provide an adequate plasticizing mechanism based on its ductility, energy dissipation and moment resistance capacity. However, guidelines have not been provided for this type of connection within the AISC 358 standard, which makes experimental studies under cyclic loads necessary. This work presents such a study, which was carried out in accordance with the FEMA 350 standard for earthquake-resistant structures. The results for the failure modes, hysteretic performance, strength and stiffness degradation, rigidity classification and energy dissipation are provided and analyzed. The results indicate that this connection exhibits large hysteretic loops and develops ductility and dissipation capacity, as expected. More importantly, the maximum rotation of the beam was 0.07 rad with a resistant moment above 80% of the beam capacity measured from the face of the column. Thus, the ductility design requirements for earthquake resistance are met according to the current regulations. Consequently, the proposed connection is suitable for use in special moment frame structures located in areas of high seismic threat.

A model that represents the behavior of a critical system or process, such as the drinking water treatment process, is vital for the evaluation of new procedures or their optimization without affecting the real system or risking the population, avoiding economic losses. Due to the complexity in the dynamics of drinking water treatment plants, the use of Coloured Petri Nets is recommended to model the behavior of the variables involved in the process. In this context, this work presents a structured procedure that allows to obtain a model considering a dynamic driven by the occurrence of discrete events and that allows the generation of useful information that can later be used to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of new operating strategies. To evaluate this proposal, a model of the drinking water treatment process of Puerto Mallarino located in Cali, Colombia was developed. Modeling, both the stages of the purification process, and the approximate behavior of the variables involved under the assumption that the changes obey only to the intensity of the raining season.

Sistema de seguridad ante sobrecargas en un subsolador