In this paper, a model of optimal sizing was recommended, to optimize the sizes of batteries capacity and photovoltaic (PV) generator for a standalone PV system without extra and with energy management of load. The recommended model was implemented in Matlab-Simulunk, takes into account the sub-models of the standalone PV system and the strategy of load management. This model uses two optimization criteria, the loss of power supply probability concept for the reliability and the energetic cost for the economic evaluation. The former is achieved by reducing the loss power supply probability and by reducing the shadings of load. The last is attained by lowering the batteries replacement during the operating years of the PV system, through the improvement of the battery life cycle. The adopted methodology is based on the real consumption profiles, real weather conditions, energy storage capacity and PV array peak power. A case study was conducted to an electrification project with the autonomous photovoltaic systems, which is intended to remote and scattered housings in Ghardaia site, Algeria

The energy strategy of Algeria is based on the acceleration of the development of solar energy. The strategic choice is motivated by the availability of a huge potential in solar energy. This energy is the major focus of the energetic program where the photovoltaic (PV) solar systems constitute an essential part. The photovoltaic energy fully meets the needs of facilities in remote desert areas where connection to the grid is too expensive. However, the southern Algerian regions are generally characterized by frequent sandstorms. This natural phenomenon causes the dust accumulation on PV modules. Consequently, this may reduce the efficiency of PV array. The objective of this research is to study the effects of the dirt accumulation on the optical transmittance of a PV array glazing in desert regions of Algeria. Firstly, we have validated our model of irradiance on tilted plane, which was the result of Hottel model improvement for Algerian sites. Secondly, the experiments have been conducted on the effect of the dust particle accumulation on the PV modules glazing. The tests were performed with the PVPM2540C in natural conditions to determine the current/voltage characteristics and see the resulting efficiency. It was found in this study, that the dust accumulation on the PV generator glazing surface tilted at 32° can significantly decrease the irradiance transmittance during the day by an average between 0% and 8% after an exposure period of several months