Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (NHB) affects approximately 60% of term infants and is a recognised cause of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND); however, its subclinical neurodevelopmental sequelae have not been well characterised at the level of specific developmental domains. Objectives: We aimed to use the Griffiths Developmental Scales–Chinese Edition (GDS-C) to characterise the domain-specific neurodevelopmental profile of term infants with NHB and to identify clinical risk factors for adverse outcomes. Methods: We conducted a single-centre, retrospective cohort study of 123 term newborns delivered between September 2019 and August 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China; 77 had NHB and 46 were healthy controls. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the GDS-C at a median age of 46.9 months (interquartile range [IQR], 36.4–59.7) by a single certified examiner who was blinded to bilirubin status. A developmental quotient (DQ) below 85 (>1 SD below the standardised mean of 100) or at or below the 10th percentile was classified as below cutoff; otherwise, performance was classified as within the normal range. To account for testing across six domains, a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of p < 0.0083 was applied. Results: Compared to the control group, the jaundice group had higher proportions of below-cutoff performance in the Locomotor (26.0% vs. 10.9%; p = 0.045), Personal–Social (28.6% vs. 10.9%; p = 0.022), Eye and Hand Coordination (29.9% vs. 10.9%; p = 0.015) and Performance (35.1% vs. 15.2%; p = 0.018) domains. Among infants with severe hyperbilirubinaemia (total serum bilirubin (TSB) ≥ 342 μmol/L; n = 19), the proportions of below-cutoff performance in the Locomotor (47.4% vs. 19.0%; p = 0.032), Personal–Social (57.9% vs. 19.0%; p = 0.003) and Performance (57.9% vs. 27.6%; p = 0.034) domains exceeded those in the non-severe subgroup. Jaundice lasting ≥ 14 days was associated with poorer personal–social outcomes (p = 0.007). In multivariable logistic regression, both a peak TSB ≥ 342 μmol/L (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64–19.02; p = 0.006) and a jaundice duration ≥ 14 days (aOR, 5.68; 95% CI, 1.61–20.04; p = 0.007) were independently associated with below-cutoff personal–social performance. Conclusions: Among term infants, NHB was associated with an increased risk of below-cutoff performance across several GDS-C domains, particularly those reflecting gross motor, personal–social and visual-spatial functions. Severe hyperbilirubinaemia and prolonged jaundice were independent risk factors. The GDS-C may serve as a sensitive, domain-specific instrument for the early identification of infants at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

In China, with the development of society and the growing public demand for health knowledge, the importance of medical science popularization has become increasingly prominent.An excellent clinician in the new era is not only to treat diseases, but also requires that in addition to the work of disease treatment itself, more people can vividly understand the causes of diseases, clinical manifestations, treatment, and how to prevent diseases through their own science popularization. Therefore,standardized medical science popularization training is particularly important in the training process of medical resident.This study explored the value of integrating medical science popularization skills into the clinical training of pediatric resident trainees, based on the professional characteristics of pediatrics in comprehensive hospitals and the actual situation of pediatric resident trainees' rotational learning in pediatrics.Through questionnaire survey, targeted improvement and design were carried out to analyze the cognition and self-benefit of pediatric resident students' knowledge of popular science, the importance attached to popular science of pediatric residents, how pediatricians in the residential training base should do, as well as the challenges and problems, strategies and suggestions faced by integrating medical science popularization skills into clinical training of pediatric resident students.From these four aspects, this paper summarized how to better integrate medical science skills into clinical training, so as to cultivate residents' awareness and ability of medical science popularization.Pediatric resident trainees not only improve their own medical skills, but also lay a solid foundation for better science popularization work in the future when they go to work in pediatrics.This study provides useful reference and inspiration for further improving the model of combining medical science popularization with clinical training.

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze 10 pediatric cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee to elucidate their clinical features, diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis for providing reference regarding its clinical management in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made pertaining to the clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, pathology, immunohistochemical results, treatment methods, and follow-up outcomes of 10 pediatric PVNS patients of the knee treated from January 2022 to January 2024 at our hospital. They were compared and analyzed with existing literature. Results: (1) All 10 patients had joint swelling with restricted movement, mainly in older female children with male-to-female ratio of 3:7 and average age of 14.1 ± 3.6 years; (2) diagnostic positive rate of MRI was 80%; (3) significant features of PVNS were the appearance of villous and nodular hyperplasia on synovial surface and deposition of brownish-yellow granular hemosiderin. Immunohistochemical staining results were clusterin (synovial cells+), D2-40 (synovial cells+), CD163 (histiocytes+), KP-1 (histiocytes+), CD31 (vascular+), P63 (−), and Ki67 (+, 1%-10%); and (4) all patients underwent arthroscopic surgery with 20% recurrence rate. Conclusion: Pediatric knee PVNS is more prevalent in older female children. The PVNS diagnosis is carried out by MRI, pathology, and immunohistochemistry. Arthroscopic surgery is effective for treating this condition in children.