We aimed to examine vaccine hesitancy and knowledge towards influenza vaccines among Jordanian parents. Data were collected via an online questionnaire distributed between October 2023 and March 2024. They included sections on demographics, parental attitudes towards childhood vaccines (PACVs), and knowledge and practices towards influenza vaccines. Associations were examined using the chi-squared test. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to determine predictors of vaccine usage. A total of 3208 participants were included, of which 9.3% were vaccine hesitant per the PACV categorization. Fathers were more likely to be vaccine hesitant (OR: 1.40; 95CI: 1.07–1.85). Similarly, divorced parents (OR: 1.80; 95CI: 1.05–3.12) were significantly more vaccine hesitant compared to their married counterparts. Conversely, higher monthly income (OR: 0.66; 95CI: 0.48–0.92), working in healthcare settings (OR: 0.71; 95CI: 0.51–0.98), and adherence to national vaccination policies (OR: 0.07; 95CI: 0.04–0.13) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of vaccine hesitancy. Multivariate analysis shows that a healthcare-related occupation (OR: 0.62; 95CI: 0.44–0.87), semi-compliance (OR: 0.37; 95CI: 0.22–0.64), full compliance (OR: 0.08; 95CI: 0.05–0.13) with national vaccine guidelines, and knowledge scores of influenza and vaccines (OR: 0.79; 95CI: 0.75–0.84) were the only independent factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Finally, non-hesitant participants were significantly more likely to give the influenza vaccine to their children at the present or future time (OR: 2.07; 95CI: 1.53–2.80). Our findings highlight the complexity of vaccine hesitancy and underscore the importance of tailored interventions. Cultural, socioeconomic, and individual factors play significant roles in shaping attitudes toward vaccination. An understanding of the aforementioned among Jordanian parents provides insights for public health initiatives. Compliance with national vaccination guidelines and addressing concerns about vaccine safety are essential for improving childhood vaccination rates in Jordan.