Background: This study is aimed to develop a simple, effective and economic method for the UV spectrophotometric analysis of amoxicillin trihydrate in the presence of acetaminophen. The Beer–Lambert law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2–10 µg/ml for amoxicillin trihydrate, acetaminophen and combinations, in all the different pH media: pH 1.2, 6.8, 7.4 and neutral (double-distilled water). For the simultaneous equation method, the absorbance maxima of amoxicillin trihydrate was found at 228 nm, and for acetaminophen, it was found at 243 nm, after scanning the solutions in respective buffers. Result: The standard curve of amoxicillin trihydrate and acetaminophen was plotted, and the correlation coefficient (R²) value was found to be in the range of 0.991–0.994 and 0.993–0.999, respectively. These two drugs were combined in a ratio of 5:3 (amoxicillin trihydrate: acetaminophen), and its absorbance maxima was discovered at 232 nm (isoabsorptive point), where its correlation coefficient was calculated from the standard curve which is in range of 0.993–0.996. The above-mentioned method was found to comply all the validation parameters as per the ICH guidelines such as accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, reproducibility and recovery. This method is successfully applied to estimate the combination of these two drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms without and interaction of their excipients. This method is based on to check the stability of amoxicillin trihydrate in different pH media in the presence of acetaminophen. Conclusion: Hydrolysis of beta-lactam ring of amoxicillin trihydrate occurs in acidic pH (below 2) which causes the formation of amoxicilloic acid which may cause reduction in its microbial activity but neither shifting of wavelength nor appearance of extra peak occurred in UV spectroscopy. Although some changes of % area of amoxicillin trihydrate is observed in acidic media in HPLC method, there are no significant changes observed among the amoxicillin trihydrate solutions with acetaminophen prepared in different pH media, when using UV spectrophotometric method.

Natural exudates like Gum Odina, a complex polysaccharide, released by plants upon injury, is in high demand for applications such as food additives, emulsifiers, and binders owing to its safety, non-toxicity, and commercial viability, particularly within the pharmaceutical industry. This gum, composed of D-galactose, L-arabinose, aldobiouronic acid, and D-galacturonic acid, exhibits medicinal properties and has been explored for drug administration methods. Rheological studies revealed that Gum Odina dispersions possessed pseudoplastic characteristics, with viscosity increasing with concentration but decreasing with elevated temperature and salinity. Comprehensive analyses, including FTIR, XRD, AFM, TGA, DSC, Raman, CD spectroscopy, and NMR, were conducted to understand its properties. Furthermore, Gum Odina has demonstrated in vitro antioxidant activities against hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, indicating a significant antioxidant capacity. The inherent modifiability of Gum Odina, through chemical or biochemical means such as cross-linking, grafting, fabrication of spongy scaffolds, and coacervates, alters the gum's polysaccharide structure to enhance specific performance characteristics such as solubility, viscosity, swelling capacity, and gelation behavior, enabling customization for commercial and therapeutic applications. This review article explores Gum Odina's novel modification strategies, comprehensive physicochemical characterization, and diverse multifunctional applications, particularly in pharmaceutical preparations. The review highlights Gum Odina's tailored properties and compares its structural, functional, and rheological attributes to conventional plant gums like acacia gum. This review also addresses the economic importance, safety, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of Gum Odina, positioning it as a suitable natural, eco-friendly excipient. Its unique arabinogalactan polymer structure offers advantages over traditional gums in biopolymer application.