In this study, some key new developments in nanoscience which highlight the problem of nanoparticles in blood flow through mild stenosis in the presence of a blood clot have been presented. The blood flow behavior through the stenosed artery is considered using the Prandlt fluid model and the flow of blood is considered as suspension of nanoparticles. An appropriate non-linear system of equations governing blood flow is represented in a cylindrical coordinate system and solved exactly under mild stenotic conditions using the geometry of the stenotic artery in the presence of a clot. Heat transfer phenomena have been examined for the physical features of the flow of blood through a stenosed artery, which is tapered in shape and with the presence of a clot. The temperature profile has been discussed with graphs for several different parameters of clot size, stenosis height, heat source, and sink parameter. Tapering phenomena has been analyzed for temperature profile. It is examined that in converging tapering the temperature provides greater values as estimated together with the non-tapered arteries and diverging tapering arteries. In this work, it is also analyzed that with a rise in the clot size (σ) the temperature (θ) increases, whereas the radius of the artery with stenosis h(z) decreases and heat source and sink parameter (D) increases.

Synovial joints are unique biological tribo-systems that allow for efficient mobility. Most of the synovial joint activities in the human body are accomplished due to the presence of synovial fluid. As a biological lubricant, synovial fluid lubricates the articular cartilage to minimize wear and friction. The key components of synovial fluid that give it its lubricating ability are lubricin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and surface-active phospholipids. Due to age and activities, synovial fluid and articular cartilages lose their properties, restricting synovial joint mobility and resulting in articular cartilage degradation, leading to the pathological synovial joint, which is a major cause of disability. In this context, synovial joint research remains significant. Even though synovial joint lubrication has been investigated, several problems linked to squeeze film lubrication need greater attention. The Newtonian model of squeeze film lubrication in synovial joints must be studied more extensively. This work aims to investigate squeeze film lubrication in diseased synovial joints. The lubrication and other properties of synovial fluid and the flow of synovial fluid in a diseased human knee joint are investigated theoretically in this work. We have investigated the effect of the synovial fluid viscosity and the effects of permeability and thickness of articular cartilage on squeeze film properties. Moreover, we have also investigated the effect of squeeze velocity and film thickness on the characteristics of the squeeze film formed between the articular cartilages of a diseased human knee joint. In this work, the articular cartilages were treated as a rough, porous material, and the geometry was approximated as parallel rectangular plates, while the synovial fluid flow is modeled as a viscous, incompressible, and Newtonian fluid. The modified Reynolds equation is obtained using the principles of hydrodynamic lubrication and continuum mechanics, and it is solved using the appropriate boundary conditions. The expressions for pressure distribution, load-bearing capacity, and squeezing time are then determined, and theoretical analysis for various parameters is conducted. Pressure is increased by squeeze velocity and viscosity, while it is decreased by permeability and film thickness, leading to an unhealthy knee joint and a reduction in knee joint mobility. The load capacity of the knee joint decreases with permeability and increases with viscosity and squeezing velocity, resulting in a reduction in the load-carrying capacity of the knee joint in diseased conditions. Synovial knee joint illness is indicated by increased pressure and squeeze time. The squeeze film properties of synovial joints are important for maintaining joint health and function. Joint diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout can affect the composition and production of synovial fluid, leading to changes in squeeze film properties and potentially causing joint damage and pain. Understanding these relationships can help in the development of effective treatments for joint diseases.

This paper explores the domestic adversities faced by working women as a result of patriarchal structures. Through a sociological lens, it examines how traditional gender roles and societal expectations contribute to the unequal distribution of domestic labor, limited support systems, and the subsequent impact on women's mental and physical health. The study aims to highlight the need for systemic change to promote gender equality in both professional and domestic spheres. This work seeks to inform policy recommendations and interventions aimed at fostering more supportive environments for working women, promoting gender equality, and enhancing overall wellbeing in both professional and domestic spheres. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 11, Issue-4: 95-105.

Visual impairment poses significant challenges to individuals in their daily lives, limiting their access to information encoded in the visual domain. This paper presents a novel approach to empower the visually impaired by developing a system capable of translating handwritten digits into spoken language. The proposed system leverages a combination of advanced deep learning (DL) architecture, Hopfield Recurrent Neural Network-Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (HRNN-GOA), and traditional image-processing techniques such as Haralick features. The system employs HRNN-GOA as the core model for handwritten digit recognition. HRNN-GOA exhibits superior sequential learning capabilities, capturing intricate patterns in the handwritten digits. Additionally, Haralick features are extracted from the input images, providing complementary texture-based information. The fusion of DL and traditional features aims to enhance the robustness and accuracy of the recognition process. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately recognising handwritten digits. The HRNN-GOA model achieves state-of-the-art performance in digit classification tasks, while the incorporation of Haralick features further refines the recognition process, especially in cases with complex textures or variations in writing styles. The simulation results are compared against state-of-the-art strategies in terms of many metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, area under the curve, F1-score, and false-positive rate. The proposed system has the potential to significantly improve the independence and quality of life for individuals with visual impairments by providing seamless access to numerical information in a spoken format. Future endeavours could explore the extension of this framework to recognise and translate more complex handwritten symbols or characters. Additionally, user experience studies and real-world deployment assessments will be crucial for refining the system and ensuring its practical utility in diverse scenarios.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic disease characterized by distorted red blood cells that causes vaso-occlusion and vasculopathy. Presently, electrophoresis of haemoglobin and genotyping are used as routine tests for diagnosis of the SCD. These techniques require specialized laboratories and are expensive. The low-cost microfluidics-based diagnostic tool holds a great attention for screening of red blood cell (RBC) deformability. In the present study, lubrication theory has been applied in order to develop a biomechanical model of microcirculation with altered rheological properties of sickle blood in the capillary, which is smaller in size compared to the cell diameter, to explain the multifactorial nature and pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion in SCD. The governing equations have been solved analytically for realistic boundary conditions and simulated using MATLAB. We found that the axial velocity of the cell decreases with a decrease in deformability and compliance. The height of the lubricating film predicts deformation of the cell with respect to local pressure in the microcirculation. Leak back and drag force depend non-linearly on the deformed cell radius with varying viscosity of the plasma and Reynolds number. The modelling predictions of this study is in coherence with experimental results. The analyzed parameters provide unique insights with novel possibilities to design a microfluidics-based effective therapeutic intervention for SCD.

The spread of numerous deadly diseases such as Thrombosis, Diabetes, Atherosclerosis and other cardiac diseases, carry on to be major root of demise and growing public curiosity about the prevention and treatment of such fatal disorders. Body acceleration has very important role on the flow through stenosed artery. In this research work a problem for irregular development in the inner wall of the artery is known atherosclerosis that settled as a result of buildup due to cholesterol on the arterial wall has been discussed. In this work the effects of body acceleration, slip velocity in presence of catheter on the wall shear, velocity profile and flow rate reveal the graphical finding for pulsatile blood flow in narrow blood vessels. Here it is shown that flow rate, velocity and shear stress escalate as body acceleration increases.