Introduction: Non-communicable diseases are a cluster of metabolic diseases, which include type-2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of the current research was to incorporate dietary fibers (mucilage) and phytosterol for enriching chia seeds oil for producing new dietary supplements for cardio-protection from oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. Methods: Fatty acids profile, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds content of the prepared dietary supplement were assessed. The cardioprotective potency of the dietary supplement was evaluated in rats fed on a high-fat diet for a month. Biochemical parameters related to inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid profile, cardiac enzymes, and kidney function were determined in all rats. Results: The results revealed that dietary supplement was rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Beta-sitosterol and campesterol were the major phytosterols in chia seeds oil dietary supplement. Phenolic compounds were present by 25.9 ± 1.202 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dietary supplements. Rats fed on the high-fat diet showed significant elevation (P < 0.05) in inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and cardiac enzymes in association with the elevation of kidney function compared with normal rats. Administration of both doses of dietary supplement significantly (P < 0.05) improved all the studied biochemical parameters. The high dose of the dietary supplement was promising in the reduction of inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and improved dyslipidemia in accordance with the reduction of all cardiac enzymes and kidney function. Conclusion: Dietary supplements investigated in the current research showed cardioprotective potency through its anti-inflammatory and dyslipidemic activities, which may be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, and soluble dietary fibers.

Background: Chia oil is high in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been linked to a lower risk of many diseases, including cancer. Oil encapsulation is a method that holds promise for maintaining oil content while enhancing solubility and stability. The purpose of this study is to prepare nanoencapsulated Chia oil and investigate its suppressive effects on rat chemically induced breast cancer.Methods: The oil was extracted from commercial Chia seeds and their fatty acids were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Sodium alginate was used as a loading agent to create the Chia oil nanocapsules. The DPPH assay was used to assess the oil nanocapsules' capacity to scavenge free radicals. Breast cancer induction was done by single dose subcutaneously administration of 80 mg/kg dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA). Models of breast cancer were given Chia oil nanocapsules orally for one month at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Through measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl, assessing the gene expression of tumor suppressor genes (BRCA 1 & 2, TP53), and conducting histopathological analysis, the suppressive effect of Chia oil nanocapsules was examined.Results: The increase in ROS and PC levels brought on by DMBA was significantly decreased by the administration of Chia oil nanocapsules. In tumor tissue from rats given Chia oil nanocapsules, the mRNA expression levels of BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 were controlled Histopathological analysis clarified that the tissue architecture of breast tumors was improved by nanocapsules management.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the ability of Chia oil nanocapsules to inhibit cancer cells in the rat breast.

The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of nutraceuticals prepared from apricot kernel and grape seeds extracts. Different bioactive compounds were determined in the prepared nutraceuticals (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, β-carotene, phytosterols and fatty acids). Acute toxicity of these nutraceuticals was evaluated. Apricot kernel showed the highest content of protein and fat, while grape seeds were rich in carbohydrates. Apricot kernel nutraceutical (AKN) showed the highest content of hydrocarbons, while grape seeds nutraceutical (GSN) showed the highest phytosterol content. Stigmasterol was the major phytosterol present in both nutraceuticals. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were the major unsaturated fatty acids present in AKN and GSN, respectively. GSN showed the highest content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids, while AKN showed the highest content of β-carotene (2.91mg/100g). GSN showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the studied methods (DPPH, reducing power and ferric thiocynate) compared with apricot kernel nutraceutical. Both nutraceuticals showed anti-cancer activity against liver carcinoma cells (HEPG2), breast cancer cells (MCF7) and lung cell cancer (H460). GSN was the most promising in all types of cancer cells. GSN showed complete safety, while AKN was completely safe up to 6 g/kg mice body weight.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognitive dysfunction and is the main reason of dementia worldwide. The present research aimed to evaluate the protective effect of administration of probiotic-fermented milk and costus extract against AD in rats. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidants activity (AA) of costus extracts were studied. The study included 40 rats divided into five groups. Group 1 and 2 served as normal control and AD control, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were given daily oral dose of costus extract (100 and 200mg/KG RBW), while group 5 was given probiotic-fermented milk (1 ml/rat/day). AD was induced in rats by intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection of D-galactose and aluminium chloride for 21 days. Hippocampal gene expression of PI3K and Akt, biochemical, nutritional and histopathological studies were evaluated in all rats' groups. Microflora of fecal samples from cecum and colon were studied in group 1, 2 and 5. Costus root extract showed 98% AA and contains TPC and TF as 378.1 mg GAE/g and 275.3 mg/g extract, respectively. Induction of AD in rats led to reduction of mRNA level of PI3K and Akt in hippocampal of rats, also elevation of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in association with significant elevation of acetylcholinesterase activity were observed. The results revealed relevant new visions towards the influences of probiotic-fermented milk and costus extract on cognitive function through reduction of neurofibrillary tangles formations, regulation of hippocampal gene expression of PI3K and Akt, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Conclusion: Administration of probiotic-fermented milk and costus extract have a promising effect on cognitive function through reduction of neurofibrillary tangles formation, regulation of hippocampal gene expression of PI3K and Akt, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. The present results suggested that intake of probiotic-fermented milk had a beneficial effect on the composition of cecum and colon flora. Probiotic-fermented milk was the most effective for prevention of AD in the present study.