Unmanned aerial vehicles are prone to several cyber-attacks, including Global Positioning System spoofing. Several techniques have been proposed for detecting such attacks. However, the recurrence and frequent Global Positioning System spoofing incidents show a need for effective security solutions to protect unmanned aerial vehicles. In this paper, we propose two dynamic selection techniques, Metric Optimized Dynamic selector and Weighted Metric Optimized Dynamic selector, which identify the most effective classifier for the detection of such attacks. We develop a one-stage ensemble feature selection method to identify and discard the correlated and low importance features from the dataset. We implement the proposed techniques using ten machine-learning models and compare their performance in terms of four evaluation metrics: accuracy, probability of detection, probability of false alarm, probability of misdetection, and processing time. The proposed techniques dynamically choose the classifier with the best results for detecting attacks. The results indicate that the proposed dynamic techniques outperform the existing ensemble models with an accuracy of 99.6%, a probability of detection of 98.9%, a probability of false alarm of 1.56%, a probability of misdetection of 1.09%, and a processing time of 1.24 s.

The fish industry experiences substantial illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) activities within traditional supply chain systems. Blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) are expected to transform the fish supply chain (SC) by incorporating distributed ledger technology (DLT) to build trustworthy, transparent, decentralized traceability systems that promote secure data sharing and employ IUU prevention and detection methods. We have reviewed current research efforts directed toward incorporating Blockchain in fish SC systems. We have discussed traceability in both traditional and smart SC systems that make use of Blockchain and IoT technologies. We demonstrated the key design considerations in terms of traceability in addition to a quality model to consider when designing smart Blockchain-based SC systems. In addition, we proposed an Intelligent Blockchain IoT-enabled fish SC framework that uses DLT for the trackability and traceability of fish products throughout harvesting, processing, packaging, shipping, and distribution to final delivery. More precisely, the proposed framework should be able to provide valuable and timely information that can be used to track and trace the fish product and verify its authenticity throughout the chain. Unlike other work, we have investigated the benefits of integrating machine learning (ML) into Blockchain IoT-enabled SC systems, focusing the discussion on the role of ML in fish quality, freshness assessment and fraud detection.

As an Internet of Things (IoT) technological key enabler, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to different kinds of cyberattacks. WSNs have unique characteristics, and have several limitations which complicate the design of effective attack prevention and detection techniques. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles underlying cybersecurity in WSNs. In addition to current and envisioned solutions that have been studied in detail, this review primarily focuses on state-of-the-art Machine Learning (ML) and Blockchain (BC) security techniques by studying and analyzing 164 up-to-date publications highlighting security aspect in WSNs. Then, the paper discusses integrating BC and ML towards developing a lightweight security framework that consists of two lines of defence, i.e, cyberattack detection and cyberattack prevention in WSNs, emphasizing the relevant design insights and challenges. The paper concludes by presenting a proposed integrated BC and ML solution highlighting potential BC and ML algorithms underpinning a less computationally demanding solution.

The Internet of Things (IoT) sustainable solutions are the next generation of methods for managing and monitoring valuable natural resources such as water. Research has focused on smart IoT-based water management and monitoring system designs for various types of applications, including agricultural, industrial, residential, and crude oil exploration sectors. To this end, unlike other surveys available in the literature, this work presents an all-encompassing analysis of 43 papers published between 2014 and 2022 for systems proposed to manage and monitor water in four different sectors: agricultural, industrial, residential, and oilfield sectors. In this work, we also propose a new optical water management system to address a gap in the literature, particularly for oilfield processes that require significant amounts of water to stimulate oil production. The proposed system employs an advanced optical technique for sensing and transmitting collected data. Overall, this work provides a seminal guide for future research efforts focused on integrating IoT in the field of water management and monitoring.

The security of Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems has been significantly enhanced through the integration of effective intrusion detection systems (IDSs). Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a highly efficient approach for designing cyber-attack detection systems to improve the security. This study reviewed recent advancements in the literature utilizing the TON_IoT, WUSTL-IIoT-2021, and Edge-IIoTset datasets. A comprehensive performance analysis of various supervised ML classification techniques was conducted to identify lightweight models suitable for deployment in resource-constrained IoT and IIoT environments. The performance of Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and three ensemble techniques: Bagging, Stacking, and LightGBM (LGBM), was evaluated. The TON_IoT, WUSTL-IIOT-2021, and Edge-IIoTset imbalanced datasets, representing three distinct IIoT environments and encompassing numerous samples of different attack types, were used. The impact of imbalanced class distributions on model performance was analyzed. The imbalanced datasets were customized for training and testing ML models, with feature selection performed using Mutual Information (MI). Model performance was assessed using several metrics: Precision, Recall, Micro-F1, Model Size, and Training Time. Furthermore, a cross-dataset transfer learning approach was applied to evaluate how models trained on the TON_IoT dataset generalize when tested on the WUSTL-IIoT-2021 dataset, demonstrating the ability of the models to generalize across datasets with common features and attack labels. For real-time intrusion detection and network traffic analysis, we set up an experiment to deploy the trained ML models in a live network environment. The experiment provided real-time insights into CPU usage, memory consumption, and network activity, with predictions continuously logged for monitoring and further analysis.