Sustainable development and environmental pollution have become valuable stimulating factors for the resource recovery of end-of-life products through reverse logistics. E-waste is considered in reverse logistics. Electronic waste is solely responsible for environmental hazards and contains valuable raw materials that can be recycled/repaired, so reverse logistics is essential to minimizing their inappropriate disposal. This paper presents the mathematical model for multi-electronic products, considering multi-manufacturers and multi-retailers. After the end-of-life product, the reverse logistics network collects the e-waste in return processors where testing, sorting, and disassembling are carried out and then sent to the repair and recycling units. Components that are not repaired/recycled are shipped to the secondary manufacturer as raw materials. An electronic product’s reverse supply chain is employed to incorporate the idea of e-waste nullification. The fixed point iteration technique is used to solve the proposed model. A numerical example is analyzed to demonstrate the model’s efficacy where the total cost is minimized. The model’s validity and usefulness in reducing e-waste are validated through managerial insights into the model and sensitivity analysis of the key factors. The proposed policy suggests that the e-waste nullification strategy might be a useful apparatus for managers in ensuring long-term sustainability.

Introduction The rubber industry generates significant waste during production, particularly from defective and excess materials such as scrap from production processes. Incorporating recycling and refurbishing processes within the framework of a circular economy can significantly reduce environmental impact and enhance resource efficiency. Objective of the study Addressing the above-discussed issues, the study adopts the principles of circular economy to develop a mathematical model for optimizing the recycling and refurbishing processes in the rubber industry. The primary objective is to minimize costs, reduce waste, and mitigate environmental impact while incorporating economic factors such as inflation and carbon tax policies. Methodology The methodology involves formulating a zero-waste inventory model that integrates recycling, refurbishing, and sustainable production practices. The Hessian matrix is used to optimize the non-linear model, with numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis validates its effectiveness. Result The results indicate the utilization of recycled rubber as raw material, which can reduce waste disposal by 95% and significantly lower production costs. Sensitivity analysis highlights the impact of critical parameters, such as inflation and recycling costs, on the model’s performance. Conclusion and implication The study concludes that integrating carbon taxes and circular economy principles addresses economic and environmental challenges in the rubber industry. Industries can achieve cost stability by mitigating inflationary pressure and promoting recycled materials. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to implement sustainable manufacturing practices, low-carbon logistics, and recycling technology to ensure a resilient and sustainable industrial future.