This article reports the activities carried out under WP4, coordinated by ENEA, within the CEM-WAVE European project, about experimental study on SiC_f/SiC composites tolerance to high temperature combustion atmosphere. Water corrosion phenomena are known to affect mechanical properties of SiC-based CMC, due to the formation of a silica, volatile in certain condition. The study will simulate combustion conditions, aiming at using more environmentally friendly alternatives to methane, such as hydrogen, coke oven gas or biomethane, in steel production. It is essential to determine, in each case, if corrosion happens in active (that means continuous degradation) or passive (silica forms a protective “scale” on the component) regime. Since fibre-to-matrix interface can also be degraded, it is important to determine post-ageing mechanical flexural strength (by 4point bending tests). Water corrosion ageing was performed by means of direct flame exposure. When the oxidizing species becomes CO₂, instead of O₂, the formation rate of silica passivating layer is expected to be lower than the volatilization rate, and consequently active oxidation results in continuous weight loss. Ageing tests of SiC_f/SiC composites were carried out at high temperature in a CO₂/H₂O/N₂ gaseous environment at atmospheric pressure (reference conditions: 1200°C, 10/20/70 v/v). Bending tests up to failure are carried out at room temperature on these aged samples after different exposure times. Relationships are established between the evolution of mechanical properties, the ageing conditions, and the rates of oxidation reactions.

To achieve the European Union’s zero-emission building targets and overcome the limitations of slow, costly on-site construction, off-site prefabrication is vital. However, existing research often neglects real-world constructability and circularity constraints. This study presents a systematic technology supply mapping and a performance-oriented taxonomy—single-function envelopes, multi-functional integrated systems, and stand-alone installations—of prefabricated renovation solutions, focusing predominantly on Southern European contexts. Applying a structured three-step screening protocol across the literature, industry databases, and European project repositories, technologies were evaluated through a multi-dimensional framework capturing market readiness, functional integration, structural constraints, and circularity indicators. Results reveal a strongly polarized market where passive envelope systems dominate commercial availability, while multi-functional active solutions remain largely confined to experimental prototype stages. Furthermore, most systems target low-to-mid-rise residential buildings, show limited compatibility with complex architectural geometries, and exhibit low integration of circular criteria due to conventional material reliance. This study concludes that bridging the research-to-market gap requires interface standardization, demand aggregation through Green Public Procurement, and localized regulatory adaptations for envelope thickness. Ultimately, this taxonomy establishes a rigorous diagnostic framework and a solid foundation for a future quantitative Prefabrication Readiness Index (PRI).

To achieve the recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive targets and overcome slow, costly on-site renovation practices, off-site prefabrication is vital, yet existing research often neglects real-world applicability and circularity constraints. This study presents a systematic market mapping and a three-category taxonomy—Single-function envelopes, Multifunctional integrated systems, and Stand-alone installations—of prefabricated European renovation solutions. Applying a structured three-step protocol screening literature, industry reports, and EU projects, technologies were evaluated through a multidimensional framework capturing maturity, functional integration, structural constraints, and circularity indicators. Results reveal a strongly polarized market where passive envelope systems dominate, while multifunctional integrated solutions remain confined to prototype stages. Furthermore, most systems target low-to-mid-rise residential buildings, show limited compatibility with complex geometries, and exhibit underdeveloped circularity due to conventional material reliance. This study concludes that bridging the research-to-market gap requires system interface standardization, demand stimulation through Green Public Procurement, and regulatory adaptation for increased envelope thickness. Ultimately, this taxonomy provides an operational assessment framework and establishes a rigorous foundation for a future quantitative Prefabrication Readiness Index (PRI).