Research from JAMA — Clinical Risk Score for Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms Among Children With Acute Concussion in the ED

Quiz Ref ID Rest has long been considered the cornerstone of concussion management,¹ and pediatric guidelines universally recommend an initial period of cognitive and physical rest following a concussion.^1,2 Cognitive rest recommendations include modification of school attendance and mental activities.¹ Physical rest recommendations advocate avoidance of physical activity until postconcussive symptoms have resolved, endorsing gradual resumption of activities only if symptoms are not exacerbated.^1,2

Background. Antibiotic administration to individuals with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection remains controversial. We assessed if antibiotic administration to individuals with STEC infection is associated with development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Methods. The analysis included studies published up to 29 April 2015, that provided data from patients (1) with STEC infection, (2) who received antibiotics, (3) who developed HUS, and (4) for whom data reported timing of antibiotic administration in relation to HUS. Risk of bias was assessed; strength of evidence was adjudicated. HUS was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes restricted the analysis to low-risk-of-bias studies employing commonly used HUS criteria. Pooled estimates of the odds ratio (OR) were obtained using random-effects models. Results. Seventeen reports and 1896 patients met eligibility; 8 (47%) studies were retrospective, 5 (29%) were prospective cohort, 3 (18%) were case-control, and 1 was a trial. The pooled OR, including all studies, associating antibiotic administration and development of HUS was 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], .89–1.99; I² = 42%). The repeat analysis including only studies with a low risk of bias and those employing an appropriate definition of HUS yielded an OR of 2.24 (95% CI, 1.45–3.46; I² = 0%). Conclusions. Overall, use of antibiotics was not associated with an increased risk of developing HUS; however, after excluding studies at high risk of bias and those that did not employ an acceptable definition of HUS, there was a significant association. Consequently, the use of antibiotics in individuals with STEC infections is not recommended.

Vomiting limits the success of oral rehydration in children with gastroenteritis. We conducted a double-blind trial to determine whether a single oral dose of ondansetron, an antiemetic, would improve outcomes in children with gastroenteritis.

This multicenter cohort study examines the association between health-related quality of life and persistent postconcussion symptoms at 4 weeks after concussion