In the earthquakes that occurred in the Pazarcık (Mw = 7.7) and Elbistan (Mw = 7.6) districts of Kahramanmaraş Province on 6 February 2023, many buildings collapsed in the Hayrullah neighborhood of the Onikişubat district. In this study, we investigated whether there was a soil amplification effect on the damage occurring in the Hayrullah neighborhood of the Onikişubat district of Kahramanmaraş Province. Firstly, borehole, SPT, MASW (multi-channel surface wave analysis), microtremor, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and vertical electrical sounding (VES) tests were carried out in the field to determine the engineering properties and behavior of soil. Laboratory tests were also conducted using samples obtained from bore holes and field tests. Then, an idealized soil profile was created using the laboratory and field test results, and site dynamic soil behavior analyses were performed on the extracted profile. According to The Turkish Building Code (TBC 2018), the earthquake level DD-2 design spectra of the project site were determined and the average design spectrum was created. Considering the seismicity of the project site and TBC (2018) criteria (according to site-specific faulting, distance, and average shear wave velocity), 11 earthquake ground motion sets were selected and harmonized with DD-2 spectra in short, medium, and long periods. Using scaled motions, the soil profile was excited with 22 different earthquake scenarios and the results were obtained for the equivalent and non-linear models. The analysis showed that the soft soil conditions in the area amplified ground shaking by up to 2.8 times, especially for longer periods (1.0–2.5 s). This level of amplification was consistent with the damage observed in mid- to high-rise buildings, highlighting the important role of local site effects in the structural losses seen during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes.

The radionuclide concentrations of eU (ppm), eTh (ppm), K (%) and dose rate values were measured in Sarıçiçek (Gümüşhane) and Sarıhan (Bayburt) granodiorites for a duration of 5 minutes at each of 532 measurement points. The radioelement ratios (eU/eTh, eU/K, and eTh/K) indicating the origins of the rocks, the geochemical indicators (Ume, F parameter, and eU-(eTh/3,5) rate) showing the uranium mobility and the radioelement concentrations were calculated and mapped within the study areas. The average K, eU, and eTh concentrations were calculated as 2.98%, 3.15 ppm, and 12.45 ppm for Sarıçiçek granodiorite, and 1.83%, 2.73 ppm, and 13.6 ppm for Sarıhan granodiorite, respectively. Higher radioactivity values were observed in basaltic, sedimentary, and ultramafic rock combinations within the granodiorite masses. In the classification according to radioelement ratios, it was concluded that the rocks in the study areas formed as a mixture of upper mantle and crustal materials. In both study areas, there was uranium transport from the granodioritic masses into the surrounding rocks, and accordingly, the rocks in the surrounding formations were enriched in uranium. As a result, radioactivity levels, rock formation origins, and uranium transport of both granodioritic masses and rocks in the surrounding formations were determined by evaluation with radioelement concentration values and ratios and migration parameters. The study areas were characterized by associating them with geology in light of radioactive data.

Granit kökenli farklı litolojik birimler içeren Eosen yaşlı Sarıçiçek (Gümüşhane) ve Sarıhan (Bayburt) Plütonları üzerinde 532 noktada yerinde radyoaktivite ve manyetik suseptibilite ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Her iki plüton ve çevresindeki kayaçlardan numuneler alınarak laboratuvar ortamında bu kayaçların yoğunlukları belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada hem granitik kayaçların ısı üretimine olan katkıları ile ısı değerine bağlı kabuk sınıflaması hem de kayaçların radyojenik ısı üretimi ve manyetik suseptibiliteleri arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Radyojenik ısı üretim değerine göre yapılan kabuk sınıflamasında; üst-alt kıtasal kabuk kökenli kayaçlardan oluşan Eosen yaşlı Sarıhan Plütonunun ortalama radyojenik ısı değeri (2.03 µW/m3), üst-orta kıtasal kabuk kökenli kayaçlardan oluşan Eosen yaşlı Sarıçiçek Plütonunun değerinden (1.9 µW/m3) yüksektir. Plüton, Melanj kuşağı ve Hozbirikyayla formasyonları için ortalama suseptibilite değerleri sırasıyla 1.08×10-3 SI, 0.132×10-3 SI ve 0.059×10-3 SI olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ortalama suseptibilite değerleri Sarıçiçek Plütonu için 1.518×10-3 SI ve Alibaba formasyonu için 2.5012×10-3 SI olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki radyoaktif ölçümlere göre Sarıçiçek Plütonunda radyojenik ısı üretimine en büyük katkı potasyumdan (K) gelirken, Sarıhan Plütonunda ise en büyük katkıyı toryum (Th) radyonüklidi sağlamıştır. Sarıçiçek ve Sarıhan Plütonunları ve çevre formasyonların radyojenik ısı üretim değerleri ile manyetik suseptibilite değerleri arasında genel olarak bir uyum söz konusu iken, kayaçların içerdiği mineral ve element içeriklerine bağlı olarak uyumsuzluklar da gözlenmiştir. Uyumsuzluklar, magmatizma ve sonrasındaki süreçlerden dolayı radyonüklid miktarlarında ve mineral içeriklerinde meydana gelen düzensiz değişimlerle ilişkilendirilmiştir.