LC continues to be the most prevalent cause of cancer deaths worldwide, which calls for sophisticated detection strategies. The present study investigates 34 demographic, behavioral, and hematological risk factors based on a sample of 2,000 patient data records. A multi-model machine learning approach compares nine algorithms: KNN, AdaBoost (AB), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), SVM, naive Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting (GB), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Performance measures (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, AUC) identify quantitative differences: GB had the best F1-scores (0.953) and NB had the second-best F1-score (0.945), while GB had the best sensitivity (99.1 %). The KNN-AB hybrid model reported the highest accuracy with 99.5 %, while RF reported the highest AUC with a value of 0.92. Ensemble approaches (RF, GB) showed robust predictive performance across measures through integration of complementary strengths of base models. Lasso and ridge regression were able to minimize overfitting, making them easier to interpret. Therapeutic uses include integration into electronic health records (EHRs) for computerized risk stratification, LC screening earlier, and public health interventions in high-risk subjects (smokers with abnormal hematologic markers). The research highlights the value of hybrid ML models to integrate behavioral and biological data to effectively predict LC. Subsequent work can expand predictive capabilities through imaging data and genomics data incorporation, and continue to advance early identification and patient-specific therapy options. This is an intersection of computational advances and clinical translation, providing scalable solutions for global LC diagnosis.

Due to rising cyber threats, IoT devices’ security vulnerabilities are expanding. However, these devices cannot run complicated security algorithms locally due to hardware restrictions. Data must be transferred to cloud nodes for processing, giving attackers an entry point. This research investigates distributed computing on the edge, using AI-enabled IoT devices and container orchestration tools to process data in real time at the network edge. The purpose is to identify and mitigate DDoS assaults while minimizing CPU usage to improve security. It compares typical IoT devices with and without AI-enabled chips, container orchestration, and assesses their performance in running machine learning models with different cluster settings. The proposed architecture aims to empower IoT devices to process data locally, minimizing the reliance on cloud transmission and bolstering security in IoT environments. The results correlate with the update in the architecture. With the addition of AI-enabled IoT device and container orchestration, there is a difference of 60% between the new architecture and traditional architecture where only Raspberry Pi were being used.

Malignant glioma is the uncontrollable growth of cells in the spinal cord and brain that look similar to the normal glial cells. The most essential part of the nervous system is glial cells, which support the brain’s functioning prominently. However, with the evolution of glioma, tumours form that invade healthy tissues in the brain, leading to neurological impairment, seizures, hormonal dysregulation, and venous thromboembolism. Medical tests, including medical resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, biopsy, and electroencephalograms are used for early detection of glioma. However, these tests are expensive and may cause irritation and allergic reactions due to ionizing radiation. The deep learning models are highly optimal for disease prediction, however, the challenge associated with it is the requirement for substantial memory and storage to amalgamate the patient’s information at a centralized location. Additionally, it also has patient data-privacy concerns leading to anonymous information generalization, regulatory compliance issues, and data leakage challenges. Therefore, in the proposed work, a distributed and privacy-preserved horizontal federated learning-based malignant glioma disease detection model has been developed by employing 5 and 10 different clients’ architectures in independent and identically distributed (IID) and non-IID distributions. Initially, for developing this model, the collection of the MRI scans of non-tumour and glioma tumours has been done, which are further pre-processed by performing data balancing and image resizing. The configuration and development of the pre-trained MobileNetV2 base model have been performed, which is then applied to the federated learning(FL) framework. The configurations of this model have been kept as 0.001, Adam, 32, 10, 10, FedAVG, and 10 for learning rate, optimizer, batch size, local epochs, global epochs, aggregation, and rounds, respectively. The proposed model has provided the most prominent accuracy with 5 clients’ architecture as 99.76% and 99.71% for IID and non-IID distributions, respectively. These outcomes demonstrate that the model is highly optimized and generalizes the improved outcomes when compared to the state-of-the-art models.