The leaves of Nicotiana glauca (N. glauca; Solanaceae) plant are a known, major human health concern. This study investigated the antioxidant activity and polyphenols composition of aerial parts of N. glauca collected from its wild habitat in Jordan, using Methanol-Conventional (MC) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) extraction methods in addition to nicotine content determination using UHPLC. Our results showed that the MC extract contains fewer total phenols and flavonoid content than the 90% DES extract, (0.1194 ± 0.009 and 0.311 ± 0.020 mg/mL equivalent to gallic acid) and (0.01084 ± 0.005 and 0.928 ± 0.09 mg/mL equivalent to rutin), respectively. Moreover, this study showed that the prepared MC extract contain 635.07 ppm nicotine, while the 90% DES extract contain 1194.91 ppm nicotine. Extracts prepared using the MC and the DES methods exhibited weak antioxidant activities; the highest was a 33% inhibition rate (equivalent to ascorbic acid), obtained by the 90% DES extract,. The performed UHPLC-MS/MS analysis in this study also revealed the presence of variations in the detected compounds between the two extraction methods. Furthermore, this study found that environmentally friendly DES extraction of N. glauca produced higher phenol and flavonoid content than the MC method; this highlights the superior efficiency and environmental benefits of sustainable chemistry methods for extracting valuable phytoconstituents.

The leaves of Nicotiana glauca (Solanaceae) plant, are known for its major cause of health concern. This study investigated the antioxidant activity and polyphenols composition of aerial parts of N.glauca collected from its wild habitat in Jordan, using Methanol-Conventional (MC) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) extraction methods in addition to nicotine content determination using UHPLC. The results have shown that the MC extract contains fewer total phenols and flavonoid content than the DES extract at ratio of 90% (0.1194 ±0.009 and 0.311± 0.020 mg/mL equivalent to gallic acid) and (0.01084±0.005 and 0.928 ± 0.09 mg/mL equivalent to rutin), respectively. Moreover, the study showed that the MC extract contains 635.07 ppm nicotine compared to the DES extraction method, which contains 1194.91 ppm. Both the MC and the DES extracts exhibited weak antioxidant activities with the highest was 33%inhibition equivalent to ascorbic acid was found for DES at (90%) ratio. The UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of variations in the detected compounds between the two extraction methods used. This study found that en-vironmentally friendly DES extraction of N. glauca produced higher phenol and flavonoid content than MC method, highlighting green chemistry methods' superior efficiency and environmental benefits for extracting valuable phytoconstituents.

The rapidly growing concern over the hazardous impact of phthalates on the environment and public health has led to a critical need for alternative and environmentally friendly plastics. Plasticizers developed from natural materials represent one possible solution. This paper explores four types of renewable feedstocks (sorbitol/polyols, glycerin, cardanol from cashew nutshell liquid, and limonene from citrus peels) as sources for developing alternative plasticizer systems. Key areas explored include the type of feedstock utilized, the methods used for extracting or processing the feedstocks, the nature of the chemical modification processes (e.g., esterification, epoxidation, etherification, or reactive grafting) applied to generate the respective plasticizers, and the resultant physical and mechanical properties. The performance of each plasticizer system in polymers such as PVC, PLA, and polysaccharide-based bioplastics is evaluated, alongside the compatibility with biological tissues, toxicological properties, biodegradability, and chemical migration into food simulants. The feasibility of each family of plasticizers is also assessed from an economic perspective, including availability of the feedstocks, economies of scale associated with large-volume production, and competitive pricing relative to established petroleum-derived plasticizers. Overall, sorbitol/polyol and glycerin derivative families have reached a level of maturity that provides a good balance of processability, food-contact safety, and biodegradability. Cardanol-based systems provide an attractive option where aromatic functional groups and combined plasticization–stabilization effects are needed. Limonene-derived plasticizer systems appear promising for use in PLA, but their broader utility may be limited by volatility, strong odors, and susceptibility to oxidation. Common issues identified across all four families include chemical migration into food products, regulatory approval, and the need for detailed life-cycle assessments.

Objective: In this study, silver nanoparticles (NG-AgNPs) were synthesized and characterized using Nicotiana glauca (N. glauca) leaves extract and their antibacterial and anticancer properties were evaluated. Methods: An Extract of N. glauca leaves was obtained via soxhlet and maceration techniques using water and ethanol as solvents, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined.Water-maceration extract was used to synthesizeNG-AgNPs which were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and stability. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and cytotoxicity was assessed in colorectal (HT-29), lung (A549), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines using an MTT assay. Results: NG-AgNPs displayed a UV-Vis peak at 440.50 nm, with an average size of 188–280 nm, zeta potential of -29.6 mV, and PDI of 0.216, indicating stability. They demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 24.6 mm (S. aureus) and 20.6 mm (P. aeruginosa) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 0.15 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies revealed IC50 values of 2.517µg/mL (HT-29), 25.11 µg/mL (A549), and 24.53µg/mL (MCF-7), while showing no toxicity toward normal endothelial cells (EA.hy926), highlighting their selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prepared NG-AgNPs exhibit potent antibacterial and anticancer properties with enhanced efficacy compared to the crude extract, making them promising candidates for therapeutic applications.