Success in eradicating COVID-19 will rely on the rate of vaccination adoption worldwide. Vaccine acceptance among vulnerable groups is critical for preventing the spread of COVID-19 and decreasing unnecessary deaths. The purpose of this study was to report on the willingness to obtain COVID-19 immunization and the factors related to its acceptance among Myanmar migrant workers in southern Thailand. This cross-sectional study consisted of 301 samples collected between October and November 2021 and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Thirty-nine percent of workers intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine within a year. The following factors were associated with obtaining the COVID-19 vaccine: a high level of perception of COVID-19 (AOR = 5.43), income less than or equal to 10,000 baht/month (AOR = 6.98), financial status at a sufficient level (AOR = 7.79), wearing a face mask in the previous month almost all the time (AOR =4.26), maintaining 1–2 m of distance from anyone in the last month (AOR =2.51), and measuring temperature in the previous month (AOR = 5.24). High reluctance to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among Myanmar migrant workers can influence efforts to eliminate COVID-19. Collaboration with all stakeholders is critical to helping Myanmar workers understand COVID-19, social measures, and preventive beliefs to increase vaccine uptake.

In 2020, 149 million children under the age of five were estimated to be stunted globally. Around half of deaths among children under 5 years of age are related to under-nutrition. Objective of this study is to determine the association between safely managed sanitation and childhood stunting among under-five years old children in Myanmar. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 16 townships across three regions and five states in Myanmar. Multiple logistic regressions analysis was performed to determine the associations. This study found that 327 (27.09%) under-five children were stunted among a total of 1207 children in Myanmar. Children with unsafely managed sanitation were 2.88 times more likely to be stunting compared with children who access to safely managed sanitation services (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 2.16 to 3.85; p-value <0.01). Other associated factors for childhood stunting were needs 1–15 minutes for water collection (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.94; p-value <0.01), 15–60 minutes for water collection times (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.23; p-value 0.02), improper waste water disposal (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.70; p-value <0.01), boys children (AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 3.30 to 6.12; p-value <0.01), did not take vitamin A supplements(AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.20; p-value <0.01), mothers height shorter than 153.4cm (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.58; p-value <0.01), and the lower minimal diet diversity (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.01; p-value 0.02). More access to safely managed sanitation facilities, technical sharing for proper waste water disposal, promoting household water supply system, health promotion for children’s diet eating pattern, and regular support for Vitamin A supplementation are critical to reduce childhood stunting among children under the age of five in Myanmar.

Background: Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa infection of the genus Plasmodium transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitos. Malaria infection in pregnancy is detrimental to both the mother and the fetus. Several efforts to prevent and eradicate malaria have been implemented, but many pregnant women are still infected with malaria. Purpose: To know the risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Methods: This study used the literature review method by searching for articles analyzing risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Articles were searched from two databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used are "Pregnant Women" AND "Infected Malaria". The inclusion criteria (IC) in the article search were publication year: articles published in the last 5 years from 2018-2023 with the subject of pregnant women infected with malaria; the paper should be full text, with a Cross-sectional and case-control study. Results: This study involves 10 articles discussing the analysis of risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Some studies revealed that the host, agent, and environment highly determine the spread of malaria. The spread of malaria occurs when those three components support each other. Risk factors for malaria are pregnant women's residence, wire netting installation on ventilation, and use of mosquito nets and repellent. Conclusion: Based on the reviewed articles, it can be concluded that pregnant women who do not use mosquito nets and whose residences are close to standing water and bushes have a greater risk of getting malaria.

In 2020, 149 million children under the age of five were estimated to be stunted globally. Around half of deaths among children under 5 years of age are related to under-nutrition. Objective of this study is to determine the association between safely managed sanitation and childhood stunting among under-five years old children in Myanmar. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 16 townships across three regions and five states in Myanmar. Multiple logistic regressions analysis was performed to determine the associations. This study found that 327 (27.09%) under-five children were stunted among a total of 1207 children in Myanmar. Children with unsafely managed sanitation were 2.88 times more likely to be stunting compared with children who access to safely managed sanitation services (AOR=2.88, 95% CI: 2.16 to 3.85; p-value <0.01). Other associated factors for childhood stunting were needs 1-15 minutes for water collection (AOR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.94; p-value <0.01), 15-60 minutes for water collection times (AOR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.23; p-value 0.02), unproper waste water disposal (AOR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.70; p-value <0.01), boys children (AOR=4.49, 95% CI: 3.30 to 6.12; p-value <0.01), did not take vitamin A supplements(AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.20; p-value <0.01), mothers height shorter than 153.4cm (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.58; p-value <0.01), and the lower minimal diet diversity (AOR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.87; p-value 0.02). More access to safely managed sanitation facilities, technical sharing for proper waste water disposal, promoting household water supply system, health promotion for children’s diet eating pattern, and regular support for Vitamin A supplementation are critical to reduce childhood stunting among children under the age of five in Myanmar.

Background: Wasting is a major public health problem among under five children in developing countries, including Myanmar. The distribution of wasting and its associated factors are not well known in Myanmar. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the wasting prevalence and identify the association between child feces disposal and wasting among under-five children in Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,207 under five children in Myanmar from September to December 2022. This study employed a multistage random sampling method with structured questionnaires and anthropometric measures. The World Health Organization's (WHO) definition and growth standards were used to determine the wasting. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the association. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value <0.05 was used to define statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of childhood wasting among under five children in Myanmar was 11.10% (95% CI: 9.45 to 13.00). This study revealed that children from unsafe child feces disposing families were 94 % more likely to be wasted (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.09; p-value 0.005). Other covariates to childhood wasting were water shortage (AOR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.13 to 4.16; p-value 0.02), less than four handwashing steps of mother (AOR=3.20, 95% CI: 1.93 to 5.32; p-value <0.001), located in hilly region (AOR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.53 to 3.37; p-value <0.001), boys (AOR=2.80, 95% CI: 1.86 to 4.23; p-value <0.001), birth interval less than 3 years (AOR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.11; p-value 0.02), and eating more than 4 times per day (AOR=3.19, 95% CI: 1.93 to 5.27; p-value <0.001). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of wasting among under five children in Myanmar. Improving the safe child feces disposal practices of mothers would be a critical intervention to reduce under five children's wasting.