Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our times. Consequently, climate change education (CCE) should prepare students to mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt to its consequences through promoting climate literacy. The present meta-analysis’ aim is to investigate the effectiveness of CCE interventions on climate literacy, including climate related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Additionally, we investigated moderator variables that may influence the effectiveness of CCE. We conducted a systematic literature search and selection process following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 6,159 records were identified, of which 53 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The data were analyzed using multi-level random effects modelling to pool the effect sizes across all studies. Results revealed a significant medium to large mean effect size for knowledge related outcomes (g = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.58, 0.96), a significant small to medium effect for attitude related outcomes (g = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.62), and a small to medium effect for behavior related outcomes (g = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.61). Regarding moderator analysis, there were significant effects for the content of the intervention for knowledge related outcomes. For attitudinal outcomes, we found a significant effect for treatment duration and for the teacher who delivered the CCE intervention. Overall, the heterogeneity of the included studies was large, calling for caution when interpreting these results. Our findings highlight that more qualitatively high research about CCE is needed.

Background: Many resident physicians suffer from distress, which endangers their individual health and the quality of care.Objective: To examine the impact of a tailored mindfulness‐based program (MBP) for resident physicians on distress and the quality of care.Methods: A single‐centre, two‐armed, longitudinal randomised controlled trial. The intervention group took part in an 8‐week, tailored MBP that included a coursebook. The MBP was followed by a 4‐month maintenance phase. The active control group received the coursebook for self‐study. Assessments were at baseline (t0, 0 months), after the intervention (t1, 2 months), after the maintenance phase (t2, 6 months), and at follow‐up (t3, 12 months). The primary outcome was a change in burnout at t2. Secondary outcomes included perceived stress, mental distress, perceived job strain, depression, anxiety, hair cortisol secretion, self‐reported medical errors and third‐party ratings by patients, supervisors and colleagues.Results: Seventy‐six participants were randomised to the intervention and 71 to the control group. The intervention group showed greater improvements in the primary outcome (burnout at t2, d = 0.32, p = 0.046), in perceived stress (d = 0.31, p = 0.046) and perceived job strain (d = 0.33, p = 0.026) at t1, and in supervisor rated empathy (d = 0.71, p = 0.037) and colleague rated attentiveness (d = 0.85, p = .006) at t2. There was no difference between groups in the other outcomes.Conclusion: A tailored MBP for resident physicians improved burnout and might have improved other aspects of distress and the quality of care.

Objectives: Medical residency is a challenging phase that puts the mental health of resident physicians at risk. This study explores the effects of a tailored mindfulness-based program on the positive mental health of resident physicians. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal randomized controlled trial with an active control group. The intervention group took part in an 8-week mindfulness-based program (MBP) that included a course book and was followed by a 4-month maintenance phase. The control group only received the course book for self-study. Participants were assessed at 0, 2, 6, and 12 months. Assessments included self-report measures (positive affect, life-satisfaction, self-compassion, flourishing, self-esteem, feeling loved, self-attributed mindfulness, time perception, “Muße” (i.e., feeling at ease and free of pressure), thriving at work, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, self-esteem), as well as Goal Attainment Scaling. Results: A total of 147 resident physicians were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. In linear mixed models, we found small to medium effects for the interaction of time × group across various time points for self-compassion, flourishing, mindfulness, Muße, thriving at work, and indirect negative affect with effect sizes ranging between d = 0.25 and 0.88. Goal Attainment Scaling revealed a greater goal attainment in the intervention group compared to the control group (d = 1.50). Conclusions: We conclude that a tailored MBP may improve certain aspects of resident physicians’ positive mental health. Trial Registration: DRKS00014015 05/24/2018.

Introduction Residency is a stressful phase associated with high prevalence of mental distress. Besides impaired personal health, mental distress in residents has an impact on the quality of patient care and produces economic costs. Therefore, there is demand for interventions that improve resident physicians’ mental health. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention that has been tailored to residents’ needs. Specifically, mindfulness has been supplemented by a focus on the concept of Muße. Methods and analysis This study applies a randomised controlled multimethod design. Residents assigned to the intervention group will participate in an 8-week mindfulness course followed by a 4-month maintenance phase, whereas residents assigned to the control group will read text-based information about mindfulness on a weekly basis for the duration of 8 weeks. The intervention is focussed on a transfer of learnt techniques into the daily routine and is targeted to promote residents’ self-care as well as on building empathic relationships. Participants will be assessed before, directly after the intervention, after the maintenance phase as well as at follow-up 6 months after the intervention group completes the intervention. Assessments will consist of self-report measures, physiological data, qualitative interviews, third-party reports as well as implicit and projective measures and will focus on both psychopathology and salutogenesis. The primary outcome will be burnout. Data will be analysed using linear mixed modelling. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical Center - University of Freiburg and is funded by the German Research Foundation as part of the interdisciplinary Collaborative Research Center ‘SFB Muße 1015’. The results of this study will be published in scientific journals and disseminated through the study’s website, and conferences. Trial registration number DRKS00014015.