This paper aims at being a guide to understand the different types of transportation problems by presenting a survey of mathematical models and algorithms used to solve different types of transportation modes (ship, plane, train, bus, truck, Motorcycle, Cars, and others) by air, water, space, cables, tubes, and road. Some problems are as follows: bus scheduling problem, delivery problem, combining truck trip problem, open vehicle routing problem, helicopter routing problem, truck loading problem, truck dispatching problem, truck routing problem, truck transportation problem, vehicle routing problem and variants, convoy routing problem, railroad blocking problem (RBP), inventory routing problem (IRP), air traffic flow management problem (TFMP), cash transportation vehicle routing problem, and so forth.

The concept of Quality of Aquaculture Services (QoAS) is inspired by the Quality of Service (QoS) principle, originally developed in the field of networks and telecommunications, where it refers to the ability to guarantee the quality, availability, and priority of service in a communications system. Adapted to the aquaculture context, QoAS is fundamental to maximising the benefits of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). IMTA has emerged as a sustainable approach to meet the growing global demand for aquatic food products by combining species from different trophic levels in a single system, optimising resource use, improving environmental performance, and diversifying production. However, ensuring QoAS in these complex systems requires the implementation of advanced technologies to monitor, manage, and optimise every aspect of the aquaculture process. This article presents a comprehensive review of technologies applied at IMTA, focusing on IoT-based monitoring systems, resource management algorithms, water recirculation technologies, intelligent automation, biosecurity, and data management platforms. Our review finds that IoT and automation-based solutions significantly enhance real-time monitoring, increasing operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. Key challenges identified include integration complexity, high costs, and technical expertise requirements, but the ongoing development of modular, user-friendly solutions indicates a promising trajectory. This review highlights the transformative role of technological innovation in IMTA, providing a foundation for future research and advancements in QoAS management in aquaculture.

In this paper is a solution to the School Bus Routing Problem by the application of a bio-inspired algorithm in the vertical transfer of genetic material to offspring or the inheritance of genes by subsequent generations. The vertical transfer algorithm or Genetic algorithm uses the clusterization population pre-selection operator, tournament selection, crossover-k operator and an intelligent mutation operator called mutation-S. The use of the bio-inspired algorithm to solve SBRP instances show good results about Total Bus Travel Distance and the Number of Buses with the Routes.

This paper aims to guide understanding of the different types of optimization problems of water distribution networks by presenting a survey of mathematical models and algorithms used to solve the variants of said networks. Problems include water resource planning, water quality management, water supply networks, water distribution systems, water flow and chemical transport, and water distribution network. Optimizing resources to transport water is an issue of global interest and is important to minimize the costs of construction of pipeline to supply water, repair costs, and water transportation.