Milk, a cornerstone of neonatal nutrition and human health, harbors various components with antioxidant capabilities, including oligosaccharides. In this study, we explored the antioxidant potential of acetylated milk oligosaccharides (A-MOs) and deacetylated oligosaccharides (D-MOs) sourced from Rathi cow milk through assays, with a focus on their comparative efficacy. Concurrently, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of Ascorbic Acid (AA) for comparison. Results revealed significant dynamics within the antioxidant profiles of A-MOs and D-MOs. A-MOs demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with higher concentrations correlating with increased efficacy, while D-MOs displayed a distinct pattern, with varying antioxidant potential across concentrations. Notably, both A-MOs and D-MOs exhibited promising antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential as natural antioxidants. In contrast, AA exhibited a decline in antioxidant activity with increasing concentration, indicating a differing pattern from oligosaccharides. These findings underscore the significance of acetylation in modulating the antioxidant properties of milk oligosaccharides. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations and to explore the practical implications of A-MOs and D-MOs as functional food components or potential therapeutic agents. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of milk oligosaccharides’ antioxidant properties and highlights the potential of acetylated and deacetylated oligosaccharides from Rathi cow milk as valuable sources of natural antioxidants with diverse applications in nutrition and healthcare.

Background: Crude extracts are easily available and considered safe and cost-effective in comparison with synthetic extracts and are more accessible compared with purified compounds, making them suitable for initial screening and exploratory studies in drug discovery. Introduction: Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita pepo are medicinal plants that belong to the Cucurbitaceae family, commonly known as cucumber and pumpkin, comprising a series of phytochemicals such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, oleanolic acid, saponin, and triterpenoids. Materials and Methods: In this study, an ethanol extract of Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita pepo whole plants was used to assess their hypoglycemic effects in a fasted, fed, glucose-loaded and streptozotocin-induced diabetes model of albino rats followed by Molecular Spectroscopic (FTIR and UV-Vis) analysis. Blood sugar levels were determined from samples collected at different intervals (0, 1, 3, and 4 h). Results and Conclusions: A significant blood glucose reduction was observed as a result of both plants’ extracts, while the greatest reduction was shown by Cucumis sativus. The UV-Vis profile showed several absorption bands ranging from 200 to 800 nm, showing the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, carotenoids, and chlorophyll. The FTIR spectra reveal the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to the extracts’ nutritional and biological value. Further research is needed to determine the active agents and the likely mechanism of action of both the plants regarding their hypoglycemic effects.

Background—TC, LA and MCM plants(family: Cucurbitaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine and are important sources of vegetables in the world