Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract. While it typically remains benign, it can lead to severe healthcare-associated infections, particularly among immunocompromised individuals and those in long-term care settings. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of K. pneumoniae infections among male patients in a long-term care hospital. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing microbial culture data from 29 male patients admitted to the male ward of a long-term care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study included patients with confirmed positive cultures for K. pneumoniae. Data were collected regarding demographic information, culture sites, and antibiotic susceptibility test results. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant associations between patient characteristics and resistance patterns, with a particular focus on the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Around 51.7% of the K. pneumoniae isolates were found to be resistant to carbapenems, while 24.1% were classified as producers of ESBL. Patients suffering from bedsores had a significantly higher prevalence of CRE infections at 37.9% compared to only 13.8% in patients without bedsores (p=0.034). The analysis also indicated that older patients (aged over 50 years) exhibited a higher prevalence of CRE infections (34.5%) compared to their younger counterparts (17.2%, p=0.069). Notably, resistance levels against antibiotics were high, with 75.9% of isolates resistant to cotrimoxazole, 65.5% to ciprofloxacin, and 62.1% to gentamicin. In contrast, imipenem and meropenem showed relatively higher susceptibility, with each antibiotic having a susceptibility rate of 34.5%. There is a significant prevalence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections in long-term care environments, particularly affecting older male patients and those with bedsores. These findings underscore the need for targeted infection control measures and enhanced antibiotic stewardship programs. Future research should include both genders to investigate epidemiological differences and broader resistance trends.

Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) commonly cause morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. This study aimed at the prevalence of RVIs in adult HSCT recipients and their outcomes. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on all adult patients who underwent HSCT in the period between January 2016 and December 2020. Data were retrospectively abstracted from electronic medical records from a total of 400 patients. All cases with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed RVIs based on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were included in the data analysis. A total of 79 patients had positive results. Sixty-three patients had allogeneic stem cell transplants. Women were 53% of the patients, and the mean age was 32 years (±13.5). The prevalence of documented respiratory virus infections was around 20% during the 4 years of the study. The most common virus was rhinovirus (60.76%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (15.19%), then parainfluenza (11.39%). Among the 9 patients (11%) who required intensive care unit admission, 67% had lymphopenia (P = .03), 71% had abnormal chest computed tomography scan with pleural effusion (P = .03), 22% required renal support (P = .057), and 2 patients (22%) died (P = .057). The study highlights the associated morbidity and mortality with RVIs among HSCT recipients and the need for more preventive measures and treatment studies.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium naturally found in the gastrointestinal and oropharyngeal tracts but can become an opportunistic pathogen, causing severe healthcare-associated infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of K. pneumoniae infections among female patients in a long-term care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study examined microbial cultures of 27 female patients with confirmed positive cultures of K. pneumoniae who were admitted to a long-term care hospital in Riyadh. Demographic information, in addition to culture sites and antibiotic susceptibility tests, was collected. The associations between patient characteristics and resistance patterns were investigated, focusing on the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Results: A total of 51.9% (n = 14) of CRE K. pneumoniae isolates were reported, indicating substantial antibiotic resistance. Patients with bedsores exhibited a lower CRE infection proportion (18.5%) compared to those without bedsores (33.3%), with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.888). Older age (>50 years) demonstrated a higher CRE infection prevalence (29.6%) compared to younger patients (22.2%), with no statistical significance (p = 0.351). Further, all patients reported the widespread use of Foley catheters, and tracheostomy or hospital stay duration did not significantly correlate with resistance patterns. Notably, imipenem exhibited the highest susceptibility rate (66.7%), whereas cotrimoxazole (51.9%) and ampicillin (33.3%) demonstrated a high resistance. Conclusion: This study highlights the increasing prevalence of CRE and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae infections among female long-term care patients, underscoring the need for enhanced infection control strategies and antimicrobial stewardship programs to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Targeted interventions, particularly for high-risk patients, are essential for reducing antimicrobial resistance in long-term care settings. Future research should include larger cohorts to further investigate gender-based differences in K. pneumoniae resistance patterns.