The Lewis acid–surfactant–SiO ₂ -combined (LASSC) nanocatalyst synthesizes BIMs, and has the advantages of being non-toxic, multi-cycle, highly stable and efficient.

Lipases are the most widely employed enzymes in commercial industries. The catalytic mechanism of most lipases involves a step called “interfacial activation”. As interfacial activation can lead to a significant increase in catalytic activity, it is of profound importance in developing lipase immobilization methods. To obtain a potential biocatalyst for industrial biodiesel production, an effective strategy for enhancement of catalytic activity and stability of immobilized lipase was developed. This was performed through the combination of interfacial activation with hybrid magnetic cross-linked lipase aggregates. This biocatalyst was investigated for the immobilization of lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML). Under the optimal conditions, the activity recovery of the surfactant-activated magnetic RML cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) was as high as 2058%, with a 20-fold improvement over the free RML. Moreover, the immobilized RML showed excellent catalytic performance for the biodiesel reaction at a yield of 93%, and more importantly, could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by simple magnetic decantation, and retained more than 84% of its initial activities after five instances of reuse. This study provides a new and versatile approach for designing and fabricating immobilized lipase with high activation and stability.

Modified polyaniline self-stabilizing Cu/Pd bimetallic sub-nanocluster composite materials (Cu/Pd@Mod-PANI-3OH) are obtained through the three steps of oxidative polymerization, structural modification, and metal self-trapping. Palladium and copper are confined and coordinated in the composite material by participating in the reaction and are highly uniformly dispersed in the carrier in the form of sub-nano clusters. The Cu/Pd@Mod-PANI-3OH micro–nano reactor catalyst formed by the self-assembly of copper, palladium and polyaniline has excellent electronic effects, including a tunable microenvironment, metal–carrier and metal–metal synergy, and the stabilizing effect of metal by polyaniline materials. It can efficiently catalyse C–C coupling (Sonogashira and Suzuki) reactions in aqueous solution with high catalytic activity and a wide range of applications (40 substrates). The characterization test results show that the Cu/Pd@Mod-PANI-3OH composite material obtained by self-trapping metal is a kind of prefabricated catalyst. During the reaction process, the high-valent metals in the pre-catalyst are in situ converted into active zero-valent metals. The catalyst's pre-fabrication strategy well protects the catalytic active centre, largely prevents agglomeration of the metal particles (can be recycled 8 times) and exhibits excellent interfacial domain-limited catalysis. The research strategy of modulation of catalytic active sites to improve the properties of materials at the molecular and atomic level reported in this article will open a new door in the research of polyaniline materials.

A cellulose sulfonate catalyst (HS-cellulose sulfonate) with high stability, excellent catalytic activity and high acidity value (about 1.55 mmol g⁻¹) was successfully prepared by SO₃ gas phase sulfonation. The basic morphology and nanostructure of the catalyst were determined by HRTEM, XRD, IR, TG, etc. In addition, the catalyst was applied to the catalytic reaction of a dihydroquinazolinone derivative and a xanthene compound, and very valuable results were obtained. The development and preparation of cellulose sulfonate catalysts provide a good approach for the development and application of cellulose, and also an important application of green organic catalytic synthesis methodology.