Large quantities of water are wasted daily due to leakages in pipelines. In order to decrease this waste and preserve water, advanced systems could be used. In this context, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is increasingly required to optimize the reliability of the inspection and improve the accuracy of the water pipeline monitoring. A WSN solution is proposed in this paper with a view to detecting and locating leaks for long distance pipelines. It combines powerful leak detection and localization algorithms and an efficient wireless sensor node System on Chip (SoC) architecture. In fact, a novel hybrid Water Pipeline Monitoring (WPM) method has been proposed using Leak detection Predictive Kalman Filter (LPKF) and Modified Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method based on pressure measurements. The data collected from sensors are filtered, analyzed and compressed with the same Kalman Filter (KF) based algorithm instead of using various algorithms that deeply damage the battery of the node. The local low power pre-processing is efficient to save the power of the sensor nodes. Moreover, a laboratory testbed has been constructed using plumbing components and validated by an ARM-based prototyping platform with pressure sensors

The main purpose of this study is to present a complete irrigation solution for the farmer based on wireless sensor network. The challenge is to create an automated irrigation system which can reduce in the same time the water's waste and is cost effective. Different parameters are important to measure in order to calculate the efficient quantity of water needed by plants. In this study, the proposed solution is the use of low‐cost sensor nodes having reduced power consumption able to realise necessary requirements. The system is composed of different types of nodes. Each node consists of a TelosB mote and adequate sensors or actuators. Soil nodes are used to detect the level of moisture and temperature in soil. Weather nodes monitor the climatic changes. Other nodes are connected to actuators which are able to control the opening of the irrigation valve if necessary.

Huge quantities of water are wasted on a daily basis worldwide because of leakages in water‐transporting infrastructures causing water shortage, injuries, and so on. This problem is typically worsened by the lack of advanced monitoring systems. In this respect, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have revolutionised water‐monitoring systems providing reliable inspection, feasible communication and performing applications. This study presents a comprehensive survey on software and hardware solutions proposed in the literature for water pipeline infrastructure monitoring. In fact, several leak detection and localisation techniques like acoustic, ultrasound or pressure ones are studied and evaluated. Several research works tried to implement these techniques using different types of WSN platforms including microcontroller, digital signal processor, application‐specific integrated circuit and field programmable gate array. These platforms are reviewed and discussed while highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, an integrated energy‐aware system‐on‐chip solution using high‐performance hardware is proposed to achieve optimal and reliable results.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to highly constrained resources, as a result ensuring the proper functioning of the network is a requirement. Therefore, an effective WSN management system has to be integrated for the network efficiency. Our objective is to model, design, and propose a homogeneous WSN hybrid architecture. This work features a dedicated power utilization optimization strategy specifically for WSNs application. It is entitled Hybrid Energy-Efficient Power manager Scheduling (HEEPS). The pillars of this strategy are based on the one hand on time-out Dynamic Power Management (DPM) Intertask and on the other hand on Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). All tasks are scheduled under Global Earliest Deadline First (GEDF) with new scheduling tests to overcome the Dhall effect. To minimize the energy consumption, the HEEPS predicts, defines and models the behavior adapted to each sensor node, as well as the associated energy management mechanism. HEEPS’s performance evaluation and analysis are performed using the STORM simulator. A comparison to the results obtained with the various state of the art approaches is presented. Results show that the power manager proposed effectively schedules tasks to use dynamically the available energy estimated gain up to 50%.

During the last few years, WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) has emerged and deployed in a wide range of applications attracting many research and industrial communities. Low power is one such crucial constraint where these systems are supplied with small battery. Several technologies and architectures have been proposed for design ultra-low power motes. In this paper, we present a survey on wireless sensor node architectures proposed to optimize the performances in particular real-time, low power, cost and time to market. Despite their variety, these architectures are consisted basically of processing unit, acquisition unit, transmission unit and power supply unit. The difference resides on components and technologies that constitute these units. Each technology is discussed in relation to its advantages and limitations.