Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is considered as an important part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). Depending on the interconnection between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs), VANETs can provide a variety of application services for drivers and passengers. Due to the necessary service cost, many applications have to face the problem of how to charge vehicle for the services. This paper, which relies on blockchain technology, takes park toll management system and electronic toll collection system (ETC) as scenarios. Two payment schemes, V-R transaction and V-Rs transaction, are then proposed. The security and performance analysis show that the proposed schemes are efficient and robust.

With the rapid development of wireless network infrastructure and transportation industry, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been paid more and more attention. Meanwhile, proxy mobile IPv6(PMIPv6), with its shorter handover delay and lower signaling overhead, is an ideal mobility management approach to exploit the advantages of VANETs. However, security issues become the main obstacle for the combination of PMIPv6 and VANETs. Unfortunately, most scholars' research focus on the efficiency and security during access authentication of vehicle node, while ignoring the privacy issues which may cause great impact on mobile users. In this paper, we put forward an anonymous authentication scheme based on PMIPv6 for VANETs. The scheme is equipped with pseudonyms, identity-based cryptographic mechanisms, and several salient authentication protocols. According to the security and performance analysis, the proposed scheme owns higher security and efficiency compared with the typical ones.

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), pseudonym change is considered as the vital mechanism to support vehicles’ anonymity. Due to the complicated road conditions and network environment, it is a challenge to design an efficient and adaptive pseudonym change protocol. In this paper, a pseudonym change protocol for location privacy preserving (PCP) is proposed. We first present the requirements of pseudonym change in different scenarios. According to variable network states and road conditions, vehicles are able to take different pseudonym change strategies to resist the tracking by global passive adversaries. Furthermore, the registration protocol, authentication protocol, pseudonym issuance protocol, and pseudonym revocation protocol are introduced for the pseudonym management mechanism. As a consequence, it is not feasible for global passive adversaries to track a vehicle for a long time and obtain the trajectory of the vehicle. The analysis results show that the security and performance of PCP are improved compared with the traditional ones.

Privacy disclosure has become a key challenge in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Although IEEE, ERSI, etc. suggest that a pseudonym-based scheme is a solution, how to support pseudonym management and vehicle authentication is still an open issue. In this paper, a secure VANETs authentication scheme (PAS) is proposed, where software-defined network (SDN) is integrated as a suitable infrastructure to support anonymous authentication and pseudonym management, while removing the requirement for pseudonym certification in the dynamic VANETs environment. The security and performance analysis indicate that PAS is able protect the privacy of vehicles and has a high efficiency.

Due to the advantages of low handover latency and signaling costs, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), as a localized mobility management protocol for next generation mobile network, can be well combined with vehicular ad-hoc networks. However, the lack of security considerations limits the rapid growth of PMIPv6. Unfortunately, few proposals are in the literature to address such issue. Motivated by this, a novel authentication scheme based on identity-based signature for PMIPv6 is proposed. Mutual authentication between mobile node and mobile access gateway is achieved for both intra-domain and interdomain scenarios with the help of identity-based signature and service-level agreement. The authentication signaling can be finely integrated into the mobility management procedure of PMIPv6, which equips our scheme with high authentication efficiency. The formal security proof under SVO logic and the performance analysis are presented to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our proposed scheme.