Focusing on higher brain functions related to cognition, learning, memory, and emotions, this research investigates the neural mechanisms through which the prefrontal cortex regulates these advanced cognitive functions in rodent models. By integrating behavioral studies, in vitro patch-clamp recordings from brain slices, and in vivo multi-channel electrophysiological recordings on freely moving animals, the study explores the neural circuit mechanisms and molecular processes involved in the prefrontal cortex's regulation of cognitive functions such as working memory, behavioral inhibition, and memory retrieval.