Thalictrum baicalense Turcz. ex Ledeb. is a well-known herbaceous perennid that has been used as a traditional medicine to treat influenza, hepatitis, and detoxfeaction. In this study, we release and detail the complete chloroplast genome sequences of T. baicalense. The whole chloroplast genome was 155,859 bp in length and comprised 130 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes. The T. baicalense chloroplast genome had a GC content of 38.39%. The phylogenetic relationships inferred that T. baicalense, T. tenue, T. minus and T. petaloideum are closely related to each other within the genus Thalictrum.

Rana kukunoris is an amphibian species endemic to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and adapted to high-elevation environments. To clarify its genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure, mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) sequences from multiple localities across the northeastern plateau were analyzed. The results indicate moderate haplotype diversity coupled with low nucleotide variation, suggesting a demographic history shaped by historical bottlenecks and limited expansion. Furthermore, population genetic analyses reveal restricted gene flow and notable genetic differentiation among geographically separated localities. Phylogenetic reconstruction supports the presence of two major lineages, corresponding to northern and southern groups divided by an elevational boundary at approximately 3200 m. Historical demographic inference further suggests regionally distinct population dynamics rather than a pronounced, synchronous expansion. Overall, these findings demonstrate that plateau topography and Quaternary climatic oscillations have played key roles in shaping the evolutionary history and current genetic structure of R. kukunoris.