West African countries have made impressive progress in fighting against malnutrition and hunger and ensuring food quality and varying food choices. This paper aimed for the first time to evaluate the determinants of diet choice by the populations of West Africa, especially those of Benin, Togo, and Nigeria. The data collected from 473 people relate mainly to their socioeconomic and cultural characteristics and the factors determining the choice of the diet for which they have opted. These data were analyzed using the Tobit model based on the Heckman method. The statistical analysis of the results obtained allowed us to deduce that the populations studied generally opt for a flexitarian, vegetarian or vegan diet. The age, level of education, religious and ancestral beliefs, social framework, monthly income, perception of the costs generated by each diet, perception of the consumption of products of animal origin such as meat and fish have a significant influence on the choice of diet. The intensity of the chosen diet was determined by variables such as sex, level of education, social framework, perception of consumption of animal products, and meat and fish. Diet being a determining parameter of our state of health, it is imperative to make people aware of the different diets so that they can identify and adopt the one that suits them best.

Globally, agriculture is facing significant challenges due to climate change, which is seriously affecting grain yields. This research aims to analyze the significant effect of climate change (temperature and rainfall) on cereal production in Benin. The choice of Benin is explained by its strong dependence on agriculture and its vulnerability to climatic variations. This study employed climate and agricultural data from FAO and ASECNA (1990–2020) to evaluate the impacts of climate change on cereal production. SARIMA time-series models were used for forecasting, while the PLS-SEM approach assessed the relationships between climate variables and cereal production. The findings reveal a rise in temperatures and a gradual decline in precipitation. Despite these challenges, the time-series analysis suggests that Beninese farmers are expanding cultivated areas, successfully increasing production levels, and improving yields. Projections to 2050 indicate an increase in areas and production for maize and rice, while sorghum shows a constant trend. However, even with these projections, it is recommended to explore, in more depth, the resilience strategies used by cereal producers to better understand their influence and refine the orientations of future agricultural policies.

This study delves into the intricate nexus of climatic, demographic, economic, and environmental variables, collectively shaping the availability of animal protein in Europe and Asia. The study analyzes interrelationships and reveals compelling outcomes. Notably, the global phenomenon of climate change, unmistakably linked to human activities, surfaces as a pressing concern. Temperature escalation, manifesting with regional nuances, underscores the urgency of collective efforts to combat climate impact, particularly pronounced in areas like Indonesia and the Mediterranean. This underscores the imperative for immediate collaborative action to ameliorate climate consequences. Meanwhile, the surging emissions of CH₄, CO₂, and N₂O pollutants, primarily from industrial and agricultural sectors, pose a critical challenge. This mandates robust regulation within global environmental strategies and ongoing dialogues. In the realm of demography, relentless global population growth exerts formidable stress on natural resources and animal reserves. This burgeoning populace poses formidable tests for ensuring forthcoming food security and sustained animal protein availability. Economic analyses disclose variances in national gross incomes and animal protein prices, reflecting geographic distinctions. Heightened incomes signify enhanced purchasing power, while price oscillations correlate with health issues like avian flu. Multivariate analyses employing mixed linear regression models unveil the profound influence of select parameters such as temperature, pollutant emissions, population density, and production indicators on animal protein availability. This underscores the pivotal role of these factors in devising comprehensive food and environmental policies. Projections for forthcoming years anticipate augmented animal protein availability in certain Asian regions (Indonesia and Japan), though still beneath requisite demands, juxtaposed against a gradual decrement in Europe. Faced with these realities, the necessity to cultivate innovative strategies with alternative solutions comes to the fore. Exploring dairy and plant-based protein substitutes can meet rising demands while conserving the environment and public health.