The healing process of a full‐thickness wound involves a complex cascade of cellular responses to reverse skin integrity formation. These processes require growth factors, particularly platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). Conversely, hypoxic mesenchymal stem‐cell‐conditioned medium (HMSC‐CM)‐contained growth factors notably contribute to acceleration of wound healing. This study aims to investigate the role of HMSC‐CM in controlling the serial levels of PDGF associated with accelerated wound closure in full‐thickness wounds. Twenty male Wistar rats with full‐thickness wounds were developed as animal models. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups, comprising two treatment groups (treated using HMSC‐CM at a high dose as P1 and at a low dose as P2), a control group (administration of base gel), and sham group (healthy group). PDGF levels were examined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Using ImageJ software, wound closure percentages were determined photographically. The study showed that there was a significant increase in PDGF levels on days 3 and 6 after HMSC‐CM treatment, followed by a decrease in PDGF levels on day 9. In line with these findings, wound closure percentage also increased significantly on days 6 and 9. In the rat model, HMSC‐CM administration may promote acceleration of wound closure by increasing serial PDGF levels in the full‐thickness wound.

Enhalus arcoides is a highly beneficial type of seagrass. Prior studies have presented proof of the bioactivity of E. acoroides, suggesting its potential to combat cancer. Therefore, this study aims to delve deeper into E. acoroides bioactive molecule profiles and their direct biological anticancer activities potentials through the combination of in-silico and in-vitro studies. This study conducted metabolite profile analysis on E. acoroides utilizing HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS analysis. Two extraction techniques, ethanol and hexane, were employed for the extraction process. Furthermore, the in-silico study was conducted using molecular docking simulations on the HER2, EGFR tyrosine kinase and HIF-1α protein receptor. Afterward, the antioxidant activity of E. acoroides metabolites was examined to ABTS, and the antiproliferative activity was tested using an MTT assay. An in-silico study revealed its ability to combat breast cancer by inhibiting the HER2/EGFR/HIF-1α pathway through molecular docking. In addition, the MTT assay demonstrated that higher dosages of metabolites from E. acoroides increased the effectiveness of toxicity against cancer cell lines. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the metabolites possess the ability to function as potent antioxidants, effectively inhibiting a series of carcinogenic mechanisms. Ultimately, this study showed a new approach to unveiling the E. acoroides metabolites’ anticancer activity through inhibiting HER2/EGFR/HIF-1α receptors, with great cytotoxicity and a potent antioxidant property to prevent a carcinogenic cascade.

Objective: To investigate the level of three drug resistance proteins; P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp), nuclear factorkappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1 (ALDH1) expressionand their relationship to metastasis, recurrence and survival in advanced breast cancer patients that received neoadjuvantchemotherapy. Methods: This study is a combination of prospective and retrospective cohort study involving onehundred and thirty one cases of advanced stage invasive breast cancer that have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Initial biopsy specimens (incisional biopsy or core biopsy) were taken from paraffin blocks. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect P-gp, NF-κB, and ALDH1 expression. Prospectively analysed patients were followed for fiveyears and evaluated for recurrence and death. Results: The expression of P-gp has no significant statistical correlationto metastases (p = 0.659), recurrence (p = 0.862) and survival (p = 0.835) in advanced stage breast cancer patientswho received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Similarly, ALDH1 was not correlated to metastases (p=0.120), recurrence(p = 0.186) and survival (p = 0.254) statistically. We found that NF-κB expression showed a significant correlation tometastases (p=0.004), recurrence (p = 0.016) and overall survival (p = 0.041) in advanced stage breast cancer patientsafter neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: NF-κB expression is a potential marker that can be used to assess orto predict increasing risk of metastases, recurrence and survival in advanced stage breast cancer patients who receiveneoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affects all healthcare services, including cancer care. Consequently, our institution implemented several changes in accordance with the National guidelines for managing COVID-19 transmission. However, the patients’ perception of such changes is unknown. The objective of this study is to explore the knowledge of cancer patients on COVID-19, their perceptions towards the changes in oncology service, and to identify key elements that contribute to their level of anxiety or comfort. Methods: Written questionnaires were given out to cancer patients indicated or undergoing chemotherapy between 23rd June and 3rd July 2020 in a tertiary referral hospital. Data collection was performed 75 days after the implementation of hospital and oncology services changes in response to COVID-19. Results: A total of 221 cancer patients participated in this study. The majority of patients possess adequate knowledge and practice appropriate preventive actions. They expressed a positive attitude towards the changes in hospital policies and contented with the consistency of chemotherapy services. The television and internet (social media, communication apps) were the main sources of information for the patient.Conclusion: Our institution managed to maintain the consistency of chemotherapy services, despite the implementation of several changes in hospital and treatment policies. With adequate education, patients can remain content and express a positive attitude towards the changes in their treatment experience. Both health care personnel and policymakers should consistently be updated with the continuous surge of publications regarding COVID-19 and adjust their decisions with the best evidence-based practice.

Aim To determine the eff ect of hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Methods This study used a post-test control group design. Hypoxic MSCs were isolated and characterized according to their surface marker expression and diff erentiation capacities. PBMCs isolated from SLE patients were divided into three groups: control and two treatment groups. The treatment groups were treated by co-culturing MSCs to PBMCs with a ratio of 1:10 (T1) and 1:1 (T2) for 48 h incubation. Furthermore, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels were determined by cytometric bead array (CBA) fl ow cytometry.Results Hypoxic MSCs signifi cantly decreased the IFN-gamma levels and increased the IL-10 levels in dose-dependent mannercompared to the control group. The highest activity of hypoxic MSCs was noticed in T2 group.Conclusion Hypoxic MSCs- induced IL-10 are important in the control of anti-infl ammatory eff ect on SLE through inhibiting IFN-gamma. 

Background: The negative impact of breast cancer diagnosis on the sexuality of women patients is well-known. Sexual dissatisfaction arises from the disruption of physical appearance by the tumor or as a result of both operative or non-operative treatments. This study aimed to describe the perception of sexuality and its quality of breast cancer in Indonesian women. Methods: This descriptive study recruited women diagnosed with breast cancer that have undergone chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, either in singular, combination, or no treatment at all. The sexuality was assessed using the Indonesian version of the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (SEXSAT-Q). Results: A total of 113 female breast cancer patients ranging from 20 to 71 years old participated in the study. The majority of respondents were clinically diagnosed with stage II (36.2%) or higher (54.9%). Most patients underwent surgery (91.1%) and chemotherapy (85.8%). Before the diagnosis of cancer, the level of sexual satisfaction was good on average, which remained stagnant for 64 (56.6%) participants during cancer treatment. Significant anxiety and distress were reported by 35 patients (31.0%), depression by 21 patients (18.6%), and tiredness by 48 patients (42.5%). Conclusion: The sexual satisfaction of women with breast cancer patients in our study group is average on general, prior or after cancer diagnosis. However, the treatment's negative psychological impact is quite profound, affecting almost half of the study participants.