Mixtures of aqueous solutions of chitosan hydrochloride (CS·HCl, 1–4 wt.%) and Pluronic F-127 (Pl F-127, 25 wt.%) were studied using vibrational and rotational viscometry; the optimal aminopolysaccharide concentration (3 wt.%) and the CS·HCl:Pl F-127 ratio (30:70) to obtain a thermosensitive hydrogel were found. It was shown that at 4 °C, such mixed compositions were viscous liquids, while at 37 °C for 1–2 min, they undergo a thermally reversible transition to a shape-stable hydrogel with a developed level of structure formation, satisfactory viscosity and high mucoadhesive parameters (maximum pull-off force F_max = 1.5 kN/m²; work of adhesion W = 66.6 × 10⁻³ J). Adding D-ascorbic acid to the hydrogel led to orientational ordering of the supramolecular structure of the mixed system and significantly improved mucoadhesion (F_max = 4.1 kN/m², W = 145.1 × 10⁻³ J). A microbiological study revealed the high antibacterial activity of the hydrogel against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. The treatment of mixed bacterial infection in cows demonstrated the possibility of the in situ formation of a viscoelastic gel and revealed its high therapeutic effect. It has been suggested that our thermosensitive mucoadhesive CS·HCl:Pl F-127 hydrogels could be considered as independent veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals.

The condensation reaction of 4,6-di-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde with some ammonium acetohydrazides yielded water-soluble acylhydrazones with different structures of the cationic center. It was shown that in relation to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis, trimethylammonium chloride derivative exhibits activity at or above the level of comparison drugs, norfloxacin and chloramphenicol, respectively. The resulting compounds do not have a toxic effect on erythrocytes and normal human liver cells. The high activity of diethylmethylammonium acylhydrazone against the formation of biofilms formed by clinical staphylococci strains was shown for the first time. The high efficiency of new compounds in inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens of bacterial and fungal origin was established.

The work summarizes the literature data on the use of pesticides in agriculture, as well as the damage they cause to the environment and human health. The possibilities and prospects for the development of complex biocompatible plant protection products based on some natural nitrogen compounds to solve agricultural problems and reduce damage from the use of pesticides are analyzed.

The purpose of the study was to study various approaches to improve the efficiency of production and use of microbial enzymatic drugs in biotechnological industries. The research examined the results of scientific research on the use of microbial enzyme preparations as biological catalysts in biotechnological industries, as well as strategies for their improvement and prospects for the isolation of new microbial enzymes using innovative approaches. The role of immobilization of existing enzymes to increase their efficiency is noted, and the potential for using their immobilization to solve the problem of recycling food waste and agricultural waste is also noted. It has been established that in order to further improve the use of enzyme preparations in biotechnological industries, an integrated approach is needed, including both the search for new enzymes and the improvement of formulations for modern used enzyme preparations. In addition to enzyme immobilization, modern biotechnological methods such as metagenomic screening, genome sequencing, and the study of extremophiles are actively used. Metagenomic analysis of various environmental objects revealed a number of microbial enzymes (lipases, oxidoreductases, amidase, amylase, beta-glucosidase, decarboxylase) that have the potential for use in biocatalysis. The development of bioinformatics and the improvement of techniques in the field of genome sequencing have naturally led to an explosive increase in the amount of information available in sequence databases. This, in turn, has led to new opportunities for searching for new enzymes using computer database analysis. Extremophiles are of great interest as a potential source of enzymes due to the fact that they are able to survive in extremely extreme environmental conditions (both physical and geochemical), which until recently were considered practically incompatible with life. However, given the fact that most of these microorganisms cannot be cultured, their enzymes are difficult to describe. However, despite the difficulties in isolation and further industrial use, individual microbial enzymes of osmophiles have nevertheless found commercial use and further research is currently underway to study them.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the use of enzyme preparations in the production of livestock products abroad and in the Russian Federation, to study the advantages of enzyme immobilization to increase their effectiveness. In the course of the research, the results of scientific research by Russian and foreign scientists were studied and analyzed. animals have virtually no enzymes that digest non-starchy polysaccharides (NPS), resulting in an almost complete lack of assimilation by the body. This is especially true for animals with a single-chamber stomach. Undigested NPS also lead to limited access of the body's endogenous enzymes to other feed nutrients. In conditions of intensive poultry and animal husbandry, especially where concentrated feeds are most widely used, it is not possible to increase productivity without the use of specially developed feed additives that promote more complete digestion of feed. Enzyme preparations produced by industry can be divided into three large groups: – monoferments containing any one enzyme; - polyferments based on several enzymes of the same group or their varieties.; - complex enzyme preparations, The use of these additives increases the profitability of production by reducing the cost of ration preparation. Such additives currently include preparations of enzymes of various groups that can increase the availability of macro– and microelements, protein, carbohydrates and other nutrients. It has been established that to increase the effectiveness of the action, it is necessary to immobilize enzymes and use carriers used for this purpose.