With the success of several clinical trials of products based on human serum albumin (HSA) and the rapid development of nanotechnology, HSA-based nanodrug delivery systems (HBNDSs) have received extensive attention in the field of nanomedicine. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive reviews exploring the broader scope of HBNDSs in biomedical applications beyond cancer therapy. To address this gap, this review takes a systematic approach. Firstly, it focuses on the crystal structure and the potential binding sites of HSA. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive summary of recent progresses in the field of HBNDSs for various biomedical applications over the past five years, categorized according to the type of therapeutic drugs loaded onto HSA. These categories include small-molecule drugs, inorganic materials and bioactive ingredients. Finally, the review summarizes the characteristics and current application status of HBNDSs in drug delivery, and also discusses the challenges that need to be addressed for the clinical transformation of HSA formulations and offers future perspectives in this field.

Wound healing is frequently compromised by excessive oxidative stress, prolonged inflammation, and inadequate tissue regenerative capacity. To address these challenges, a thermosensitive and injectable composite hydrogel based on Pluronic F127 (F127), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and L-lysine (Lys) was developed for the sustained delivery of sinomenine–gallic acid nanoparticles (SGNPs) and the acceleration of wound repair. The hydrogel undergoes a rapid sol–gel transition at physiological temperatures through physical interactions, enabling excellent injectability and in situ gelation. The optimized composite hydrogel exhibited improved mechanical properties, enhanced structural stability, and a uniform porous microarchitecture. The F127−Lys−PCF127−Lys−PC@SGNPs hydrogel showed superior overall stability and hemocompatibility while enabling the sustained release of SGNPs for up to 24 h. Benefiting from the incorporation of SGNPs, the composite hydrogel displayed enhanced antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging free radicals and alleviating cellular oxidative stress. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the hydrogel promoted keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Furthermore, in a murine full-thickness skin wound model, treatment with F127−Lys−PCF127−Lys−PC@SGNPs significantly accelerated wound closure and facilitated re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. Collectively, this multifunctional thermosensitive hydrogel provides a promising platform for advanced wound dressings that integrate sustained delivery, antioxidant protection, and tissue regeneration.