The article considers the methods, procedures and results of experimental studies of the main egg quality indicators. The offered express methods and the automated installation provide definition of the weight, the form and density of egg. Based on the results of experimental studies of egg parameters, the express method of determining the volume of the egg through the area of the longitudinal section and the small diameter of the egg is substantiated. The express method for density determination by direct mass measurement and volume calculation gives minimal absolute error and provides a six time increase in performance, compared to the direct method.

This paper presents the validation of a digital image analysis method for the quantitative determination of physical quality parameters of apples by comparative analysis with a traditional measurement method. The method was used to determine the quality indicators of apples based on digital image analysis in accordance with standard requirements. Five popular apple varieties from Kazakhstan were selected for the study: Aport Alexander, Ainur, Sinap Almaty, Nursat and Kazakhskij Yubilejnyj. The parameters of the five apple varieties were measured both manually and digitally, which revealed close agreement between the obtained values. The analysis of the results of measuring the geometric parameters of the apples and the percentage of red color in the images was carried out. The maximum relative errors in determining the diameters (d, D) and height (h) were 2.99%, 3.03% and 4.12%, respectively. Regression models were developed to predict the weight and volume of apples. The best results in weight prediction were obtained for the Sinap Almatinsky variety using stepwise linear regression (R² = 0.96), and volume prediction showed the best results for the Nursat variety (R² = 0.92). This study lays the foundation for the development of automated systems for sorting apples by commercial varieties.

Жаңартылатын энергия көздеріне (ЖЭК) әлемдік сұраныс үнемі өсіп келеді. 2050 жылға қарай жаһандық энергетикалық теңгерімдегі олардың үлесінің ұлғаюы 35%-ға дейін болжанып отыр, ал дамыған елдердегі олардың өсу қарқыны 2050 жылға қарай дәстүрлі энергиямен қамтамасыз етудің 70% алмастыра алады. Осыған байланысты барлық дамыған елдерде баламалы энергетикаға байланысты бағдарламалар әзірленіп, іске асырылуда. Оның тартымдылығы ресурстардың сарқылмауынан, әлемдік энергия нарықтарындағы баға конъюнктурасынан, сондайақ, экологиялық тазалығынан туындайды. ЖЭК-нің осындай артықшылықтары – шет елдерде жаңартылатын энергетиканың қарқынды дамуына және алдағы онжылдықтардағы оның перспективаларына қатысты өте оптимистік болжамдарға себеп болды.

The paper presents a comprehensive experimental and modelling study of the effect of a pulsed high- voltage electric field on agricultural crop pests in greenhouse conditions, using strawberries as an example. An experimental setup based on a high-frequency, high-voltage transformer (HVT, 6 kV) enables the formation of a quasi- stationary electric field with adjustable voltage and current parameters. A series of field experiments was conducted at voltages up to 6 kV with a fixed exposure time of 5 minutes, during which a pronounced nonlinear, threshold dependence of pest control efficiency on the level of electrical exposure was observed. To interpret the results, an equivalent RC model of the biological object was combined with numerical modelling of the electric field distribution via the finite element method. The modelling showed that, under the conditions studied, the temperature increase of the biological object does not exceed a fraction of a degree, thereby excluding a thermal mechanism of action. It was established that the observed biological effect is due to electrically induced processes associated with the local electric-field concentration and the polarisation of membrane structures. The results confirm the promise of using pulsed high-voltage electric fields as an environmentally safe alternative to chemical methods of plant protection and create the conditions for optimising the parameters of electrical exposure in greenhouse technologies.