Fruit flies are significant insect pests, worldwide. Tephritid species diversity and their seasonal abundance were investigated over 2 yr (May 2017 to May 2019) in Western Burkina Faso. A mass trapping experiment consisting of 288 Tephri Trap types, operating with four types of parapheromones comprising methyl eugenol, terpinyl acetate, trimedlure, and cue lure and an insecticide (Dichlorvos), was used for attracting and killing insects. Plant formations including natural fallows, mango orchards, and agroforestry parks in each of the six study sites were selected for data collection. Twenty-nine tephritid species belonging to 10 genera were identified. Fourteen fruit fly species were identified for the first time in Burkina Faso. The genera Ceratitis MacLeay (Diptera : Tephritidae) and Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae) with, respectively, 14 and 7 species recorded were the most represented. The dominant species caught was the invasive Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) followed by Ceratitis cosyra Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Ceratitis silvestrii Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae). The fruit fly population density was very high during the rainy season, with peaks occurring in June or July. The fruit fly species were generally more abundant during the hot and rainy seasons than during the cold and dry seasons. The highest diversity was recorded in natural fallows, as compared with the mango orchards and agroforestry parks. Tephritid species found refuge in the mango orchards during the dry and cold periods. The results of that investigation may be used for developing a sustainable pest management strategy for commercial orchards.

Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is a highly invasive horticultural pest that is of major economic importance worldwide. In Burkina Faso, it is one of the main insect pests that affects the production and exportation of mangos. Understanding the biology and the genetic dynamics of this insect pest provides crucial information for the development of effective control measures. The aim of this study was to understand the distribution, diversity, and genetic structure of B. dorsalis in Burkina Faso. Male flies were collected transversally in Burkina Faso and analyzed by PCR using 10 microsatellite markers. The results showed an abundance of B. dorsalis varying from 87 to 2986 flies per trap per day at the different sampling sites. The genetic diversity was high at all sites, with an average Shannon’s Information Index (I) of 0.72 per site. The gene flow was high between study populations and ranged from 10.62 to 27.53 migrants. Bayesian admixture analysis showed no evidence of structure, while Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components identified three weakly separated clusters in the population of B. dorsalis in Burkina Faso. The results of this study could be used to optimize the effectiveness of current control interventions and to guide the implementation of new, innovative, and sustainable strategies.

Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is a highly invasive horticultural pest of major economic importance worldwide. In Burkina Faso, it is one of the main insect pests constraining the mango production and export. Understanding the biology and the genetic dynamics of this insect pest provide cru-cial information for the development of effective control measures. The aim of this study was to understand the distribution, diversity and genetic structure of B. dorsalis in Burkina Faso. Male flies were collected transversally in Burkina Faso and analyzed by PCR using 10 microsatellite markers. The results showed an abundance of B. dorsalis varying from 87 to 2986 flies per trap per day in the different sampling sites. Genetic diversity was high in all sites with an average Shan-non's Information Index (I) of 0.72 per site. Gene flow was high between study populations and ranged from 10.62 to 27.53 number of migrants. Bayesian admixture analysis showed no evi-dence of structure while Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components identified three weakly separated clusters in the population of B. dorsalis in Burkina Faso. The results of this study could be used to optimize the effectiveness of current control interventions and to guide the imple-mentation of new, innovative and sustainable strategies.

In Burkina Faso, the mango industry faces numerous phytosanitary constraints. This situation is exacerbated by producers’ lack of knowledge about diseases and their symptoms and the low uptake of control technologies. This study aims to develop a tool using artificial intelligence-based approaches for better integrated management of the main diseases affecting mango trees. Surveys conducted in 40 mango orchards yielded 11,001 images of the characteristic symptoms of three major diseases, including 4,527 for anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , 3,038 for bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae and 3,436 for dieback caused by Lasiodiplodia spp. The data underwent several preprocessing steps. To ensure a balance between disease classes, 3,000 images per class were selected, for a total of 9,000 images. The images were then annotated and used for training with the pre-trained YOLOv11 model. Following training, three models were formed : V2-3 M (MAP@50 = 50,3%; precision = 55,1%; recall = 49,1%; F1-score = 51,9%), V3-3 M (MAP@50 = 23%; precision = 56,8% ; recall = 26,7%; F1-score = 36,3%), and V4-3 M (MAP@50 = 46,8%; precision = 52%; recall = 45,3%; F1-score = 48,4%). The most effective model is the V2-3 M, as it combines 55,1% accuracy, 50,3% (MAP@50, 49,1% recall and F1-score = 51,9%). In order to improve diagnosis and phytosanitary management in orchards, it would be useful to integrate treatment recommendations into the model, then deploy it on a mobile application and promote it to producers. Future work will involve dataset expansion, comparative evaluation with alternative deep learning models, and cross-regional validation to improve model robustness and generalizability.

Description du sujet. La pulpe des fruits du karité est consommée par les communautés rurales, surtout en période de soudure. Cependant, les fruits du karité sont sujets aux attaques des mouches de fruits qui compromettent l’utilisation de la pulpe. Objectifs. Suivre la fluctuation des populations de mouches de fruits, établir la diversité spécifique des mouches de fruits et évaluer l’importance des dégâts occasionnés sur les fruits du karité. Méthode. Un système de piégeage constitué de pièges de type Tephri trap ayant fonctionné avec des attractifs sexuels a été installé dans les parcs à karité. Un échantillonnage des fruits de karité à maturité physiologique et/ou commerciale a été effectué toutes les deux semaines et incubé au laboratoire. Résultats. Six espèces de mouches de fruits ont été capturées avec une prédominance de Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (42,21 % des captures) et de Ceratitis silvestrii Bezzi (40,55 % des captures). Deux espèces de mouches de fruits, Ceratitis silvestrii et Ceratitis quinaria Bezzi et deux espèces de parasitoïdes, Psytallia concolor Szépligeti et Fopius caudatus Szépligeti, ont émergé des fruits incubés. Les indices de dégâts (50 à 57,77 % en fonction des sites) et les taux d’infestation (83,70 à 953,84 adultes·kg-1 de fruits) les plus élevés ont été enregistrés en pleine saison de production fruitière du karité au mois de juin. Conclusions. Les parasitoïdes identifiés pourront être utilisés dans l’élaboration de méthodes de gestion agro-écologique de ces ravageurs dans les parcs agroforestiers. Population fluctuations and evaluation of fruit fly damage on shea fruits in parklands in Western Burkina Faso: Case of the Koumbia-Dano transect Description of the subject. Shea fruit pulp is consumed by rural communities, especially during times of food shortage. However, shea fruits are infested with fruit flies that affect the pulp quality. Objectives. This study was conducted during the shea fruiting period in shea parklands to establish fruit fly species diversity and assess the extent of their damage on shea fruits in the study area. Method. A trapping system consisting of Tephri trap types and sexual attractants was installed in shea parklands. In addition, shea fruits were sampled on a 2-week basis and incubated for insect emergence. Results. Among the six fruit fly species identified, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel and Ceratitis silvestrii Bezzi were the most abundant, with 42.21 and 40.55% of adults captured, respectively. Ceratitis silvestrii and C. quinaria Bezzi were associated with the damage observed on shea fruits. Two wasp parasitoid species emerged, including Psytallia concolor Szépligeti and Fopius caudatus Szépligeti. Damage indices and infestation rates varied depending on the sampling period. The highest were recorded in the middle of the shea fruit production season in mid to late June, where damage indices ranged from 50 to 57.77% and infestation rates from 83.70 to 953.84 adults·kg-1 fruit according to the study sites. Conclusions. The management of parasitoids and their habitats would provide opportunities for the development of sustainable agroecological control methods against these insect pests.