Mode choice in transportation is influenced by factors such as comfort, safety, travel time, cost, and reliability, with most commuters in Banda Aceh preferring private vehicles due to flexibility and efficiency. Travel time and travel cost are identified as major barriers preventing people from switching to public transport, which is often considered less attractive. While studies abroad examine elasticity from multiple perspectives, research in Indonesia has mainly focused on vehicle attributes. The objective of this paper is to analyze the elasticity of travel time and travel cost for users of private vehicles and public transportation. The study employs a binary probit model to estimate elasticity values, utilizing data from a Stated Preference survey of transportation users. The results show that both trip attributes and individual characteristics significantly influence transport mode choice. Longer travel distances, higher travel time, and increased operating costs raise the likelihood of choosing public transport, while being male and having higher education also increase the tendency to select it. Conversely, motorcycle ownership strongly favors private mode choice, and holding a valid driver’s license is an important determinant of travel behavior. The elasticity analysis further reveals that reducing travel and access times for the TransK bus could significantly increase its usage, while policies restricting private vehicle use, such as the odd-even system, may also encourage shifts toward public transport. The study concludes that mode choice in Banda Aceh is mainly driven by travel time, with TransK highly responsive to time improvements, while private vehicles dominate despite cost changes. Encouraging public transport use requires faster, more reliable bus services and restrictions on private vehicle advantages.

A speed bump is a traffic engineering tool designed to control vehicle speed, particularly in residential areas, to enhance the safety of pedestrians and cyclists. This study employs the Enter and Stepwise methods using SPSS to analyze the impact of speed bumps on vehicle speed and related variables. The study results indicate that the relationship between installation distance (X4) and vehicle speed in area 3 (Y) for motorcycles is given by Y = 5.647 + 0.264 X4 with R² = 0.887. In contrast, for light vehicles, it is Y = 3.381 - 0.253 X4 with R² = 0.920. Among the five locations studied, location 2 exhibited the strongest correlation between speed, volume, and density, with a coefficient of determination (R²) greater than 0.5. In area 2, the relationship between volume and speed when crossing a speed bump has R² = 0.512. Meanwhile, in area 3, between speed bumps, the relationship between volume and density shows R² = 0.904, and the relationship between speed and density is R² = 0.804. These findings indicate that speed bumps' height and installation distance significantly impact vehicle speed patterns. Additionally, the relationship between volume, speed, and density is notably strong at several research locations. AbstrakAlat pengendali kecepatan atau Speed bump merupakan alat rekayasa lalulintas yang berfungsi untuk mengendalikan kecepatan kendaraan yang melintas disuatu ruas jalan, terutama di permukiman penduduk guna melindungi pejalan kaki dan pengendara sepeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Enter dan Stepwise menggunakan software SPSS untuk mengenalisis speed bump terhadap kecepatan dan variabel terkait. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa hubungan jarak pemasangan (X4) dengan kecepatan kendaraan pada area 3 (Y) untuk sepeda motor diperoleh Y=5.647 + 0.264 X4 dengan R2 =0.887, dan kendaraan ringan Y=3.381 - 0.253 X4 dengan R2=0.920. Dari lima lokasi yang diteliti, hubungan antara kecepatan, volume, dan kerapatan menunjukkan korelasi terkuat di lokasi 2, dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) 0,5. Pada area 2, hubungan antara volume dan kecepatan saat melintasi speed bump memiliki R² = 0,512. Sementara itu, hubungan antara volume dan kerapatan di area 3, yaitu di antara speed bump, menunjukkan R² = 0,904. Hubungan antara kecepatan dan kerapatan di area yang sama (area 3) memiliki R² = 0,804. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa tinggi dan jarak pemasangan speed bump memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap pola kecepatan kendaraan, serta hubungan antara volume, kecepatan, dan kepadatan memiliki keterkaitan yang kuat di beberapa lokasi penelitian.

Cow feces on roads causes damage to asphalt on highways because cow feces contains a large amount of nutrients. The use of Styrofoam in asphalt is expected to improve the technical properties of a mixture. This study aims to determine the Marshall characteristics of asphalt concrete (AC-WC) mixtures with 5%, 7%, and 9% Styrofoam waste additions in 60/70 asphalt against asphalt weight with cow feces immersion for 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The best stability value was obtained with a 5% Styrofoam substitution, which was 1972.55 kg. The parameters for mixtures with and without Styrofoam, including stability, flow, MQ, density, VIM, VMA, and VFA, still meet the specifications of the 2018 Bina Marga standards. The durability value without substitution was 92.64% with ordinary water immersion and 90.80% with cow feces immersion. The durability value with varying Styrofoam percentages 5% was 95.56% and met the specifications set by Bina Marga in 2018, which is ≥ 90%.