As organizations increasingly rely on digital technology to operate, protecting their information and data has become a critical concern. Information security systems are designed to safeguard digital assets against unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. However, evaluating the effectiveness of an information security system can be challenging due to the complexity of the system and the diversity of threats it faces. In recent years, researchers have proposed using fuzzy inference to evaluate the effectiveness of information security systems. Fuzzy inference is a mathematical approach that can handle uncertain and imprecise information, making it well-suited for evaluating the effectiveness of information security systems. This research aims to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of an information security system based on fuzzy inference. The proposed method uses a set of performance indicators to measure the effectiveness of the system, such as the number of security incidents detected, the response time to security incidents, and the number of false positives and false negatives [1]. These indicators are then combined using fuzzy inference to generate an overall effectiveness score for the system. The proposed method will be evaluated using a real-world case study of an information security system deployed in an organization. The effectiveness score generated by the fuzzy inference method will be compared to the results obtained using traditional evaluation methods, such as the cost-benefit analysis or the return-on-investment analysis. The results of the study will demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method for evaluating information security systems.

The field of information security is constantly evolving, and new threats appear every day. To ensure that organizations remain protected from these threats, it is important to have a reliable information security audit system. The purpose of this study is to study the current state of information security audit systems in organizations and identify the best practices for the implementation and maintenance of these systems. In the course of the study, various methods and methods of conducting an information security audit will be analyzed, security analysis tools and information security tools.

Penetration testing is a crucial aspect of information security and is used to access the security posture of a system. The objective of this research is to analyze the various methods and techniques used in penetration testing. The study focuses on the different stages of penetration testing, including planning, reconnaissance, scanning, exploiting, and reporting. A comprehensive analysis of the commonly used tools and techniques in each stage is provided, along with a discussion of their strengths and weaknesses. The research also provides a critical evaluation of the current state of the art in penetration testing and identifies areas for improvement. The study concludes by presenting recommendations for future research in this field. The results of this research are valuable for organizations and individuals who want to enhance their security posture and protect against potential threats.

This study examines the evolution of Kazakhstani research in the fields of economics and business research. We analyzed Scopus and Dimensions records for 2019–2023 following a PRISMA-like workflow with fully reproducible queries and time-stamped data extractions. We implemented both Bradford’s law of scattering and collaboration analysis. We report both journal-level (Scopus) and publication-level (Dimensions) results as complementary perspectives. Results show the applicability of Bradford’s law of scattering to research publications in Economics, Econometrics, and Finance, Business, Management, and Accounting, and Decision Sciences in Kazakhstan and globally. Collaboration analysis highlights strong regional ties and diversification. Authorship analysis reveals that 85.1% of publications have a Kazakhstan-affiliated first author. Publications were classified into three categories: Kazakhstan-Only (59.0%, N = 1585), International Collaboration with Kazakhstan-led authorship (31.5%, N = 845), and International Collaboration with Non-Kazakhstan-led authorship (9.5%, N = 255). International collaborations had 69–92% higher citation impact than domestic-only publications. The expansion of citing countries doubled in 2023 compared with 2019. Our contributions to bibliometric analysis and science policy are two-fold. First, we provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of publication patterns between Kazakhstani and global journals in economics and business-related fields, revealing specific areas requiring development. Second, we identify collaboration patterns, including citation analysis of studied fields. The analysis revealed strategies that can be applied in other emerging economies.