Fluxametamide, a novel isoxazoline insecticide, is newly registered for the control of various lepidopteran, coleopteran and thysanopteran insect pests on lethal and sublethal levels. In the present study, the toxicity and sublethal effects of fluxametamide on diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.), an invasive lepidopteran foliage feeder of cruciferous vegetables, were assessed to explore its bio-ecological impact on pest populations. The toxicity of fluxametamide to the third instar larvae of P. xylostella was 0.18 mg L⁻¹ (LC₅₀) at 72 h bioassay. After treatment with LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ concentrations of fluxametamide, the fourth instar larval duration, the rate of deformed pupa and adults, and the adult pre-oviposition period were significantly increased, whereas the pupation rate and pupal weight were significantly decreased in the F₀ generation. In the F₁ generation, sublethal effects of fluxametamide were indicated by a reduced fecundity, rate of pupation and adult emergence, pupal weight, and adult longevity, however a significant increase in eggs and total larval duration, deformed adults rate, and total longevity and pre-oviposition period was observed in the offspring. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (R₀) of sublethal treatments were significantly lower than the control. The relative fitness of F₁ was 0.68 and 0.64 in LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ treatments, respectively. The LC₃₀ fluxametamide treatment exhibited increased glutathione S-transferase activities (elevated 1.433-fold) in P. xylostella. Our results suggest that in addition to its high lethal toxicity, the sublethal concentrations of fluxametamide might suppress the reproduction, development and survival of the P. xylostella population and its progeny, which can help to optimize integrated pest management program.

Strigolactone (SL) mutants display a range of phenotypes, such as increased branching, reduced stature, and a loss of SLs exuded from roots into the soil. SL biosynthesis is complex and divergent between plant species. Recently, mutants defective in specific SL biosynthesis genes have shown a loss of exuded SLs, but no obvious change in branching (tillering). This means that functional specification may exist between certain SL subtypes. It has been suggested that the LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE (LBO) enzyme acts in a subpathway of SLs that is specific for branching. Here we report that barley plants mutant in hvlbo have increased tillering, but normal production of SLs detected in roots and root exudates. This finding supports the idea that SLs have functional or tissue-specific differences and that the LBO pathway has specificity for bud outgrowth rather than exudates.