Objective: To analyze the effects of movement representation techniques (MRT) combined with conventional physical therapy (CFT) in people undergoing knee and hip arthroplasty compared to conventional physical therapy alone in terms of results in physical and functionality variables, cognitive function, and quality of life. Methodology: the review was carried out according to the criteria of the PRISMA statement, considering studies in the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Pubmed Central/Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect. Results: MRT plus CFT generated therapeutic effects in some aspects of the physical variables: 100% pain (7 of 7 studies); 100% strength (5 out of 5 studies); range of motion 87.5% (7 out of 8 studies); 100% speed (1 of 1 study), functional variables: 100% gait (7 of 7 studies); functional capacity 87.5% (7 out of 8 studies); cognitive variables: 100% motor visualization ability (2 out of 2 studies); cognitive performance 100% (2 of 2 studies); and quality of life 66.6% (2 of 3 studies). When comparing its effects with conventional physical therapy, the variables that reported the greatest statistically significant changes were motor visualization ability, speed, pain, strength and gait. The most used MRT was motor imagery (MI), and the average time extension of therapies was 3.5 weeks. Conclusions: movement representation techniques combined with conventional physical therapy are an innocuous and low-cost therapeutic intervention with therapeutic effects in patients with knee arthroplasty (KA) and hip arthroplasty (HA), and this combination generates greater therapeutic effects in physical, functional, and cognitive variables than conventional physical therapy alone.

Introducción: La prevalencia del autismo se ha incrementado significativamente. También, se ha evidenciado que las artes marciales son una intervención efectiva en el control de la sintomatología de niños, niñas y adolescentes con TEA. Sin embargo, no existen revisiones enfocadas en sintetizar esta evidencia. Objetivo: Sintetizar la información existente sobre las características de los programas de artes marciales y sus efectos sobre rasgos autistas en niños y adolescentes. Metodología: Revisión sistemática que se adscribe a la declaración Prisma 2020. La búsqueda de información se realizó en las bases de datos Scielo, PubMed, Pedro, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Springer Link, Web of Science y ScienceDirect. Se seleccionaron Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y no aleatorizados. Resultados: Las artes marciales como intervención terapéutica tuvieron efectos beneficiosos estadísticamente significativos en conductas estereotipadas 100% (5 de 5 estudios), interacción social 100% (3 de 3 estudios), manejo de las emociones 100% (3 de 3 estudios), regulación de la conducta 75% (3 de 4 estudios), problemas conductuales 75% (3 de 4 estudios) y dificultad para comunicarse 75% (3 de 4 estudios). El arte marcial más utilizado como programa de intervención fue el karate. Conclusión: Las áreas más evaluadas en los rasgos autistas son las conductas estereotipadas, problemas conductuales, interacción social y dificultad de la comunicación. Finalmente se observó que los programas de artes marciales tuvieron efectos favorables en rasgos autistas en áreas de habilidades conductuales, habilidades sociales y habilidades comunicativas. Palabras clave: Autismo; Artes Marciales; Deportes de combate; Karate. Introduction: Over the years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of Autism. It has been shown that martial arts are an effective intervention in controlling the symptoms of children and adolescents. However, there needs to be reviews that focus on synthesizing this evidence. Objective: Synthesize the current information on the effects and characteristics of carrying out martial arts programs and their effects on autistic traits in children and adolescents. Methodology: Systematic review that adheres to the Prisma 2020 declaration. The search was carried out in the Scielo, PubMed, Pedro, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Springer Link, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases, and randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were selected. Results: Martial arts as a therapeutic intervention had statistically significant beneficial effects on stereotyped behavior 100% (5 of 5 studies), social interaction 100% (3 of 3 studies), emotion management 100% (3 of 3 studies), regulation of behavior 75% (3 of 4 studies), behavioral problems 75% (3 of 4 studies) and difficulty communicating 75% (3 of 4 studies). The most widely used martial art as a therapeutic intervention program was karate. Conclusion: The most evaluated areas in autistic treats are stereotyped behaviors, behavioral problems, social interaction, and communication difficulties. Finally, it was observed that the martial arts programs had favorable effects on ASD symptoms in behavioral, social, and communication skills. Key words: Autism; Martial Arts; Combat Sports, Karate.

La adherencia al ejercicio se ha considerado un determinante clave de la mejoría clínica en personas con dolor crónico. Sin embargo, la adherencia al ejercicio es limitada en las personas mayores. Esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo describir las definiciones de adherencia al ejercicio, explorar las barreras y facilitadores asociados y detallar estrategias multidimensionales para su mejora en adultos mayores con dolor crónico. Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en PubMed y Web of Science. Se incluyeron estudios primarios y secundarios, cuantitativos y cualitativos, publicados en inglés o español. Se identificaron cinco categorías de estrategias para mejorar la adherencia al ejercicio en personas mayores que experimentan dolor crónico: 1) centradas en la persona: explorar y fortalecer la autoeficacia, la motivación y el conocimiento del paciente; 2) centradas en el fisioterapeuta: generar alianza terapéutica, utilizar la entrevista motivacional e individualizar la prescripción del ejercicio; 3) centradas en el contexto: fomentar el apoyo social y disponer de un entorno clínico agradable; 4) centradas en el ejercicio supervisado: estar presente y monitorizar el ejercicio, entregar información de seguridad y realizar retroalimentación inmediata; 5) centradas en el ejercicio autónomo: ofrecer sesiones de telerrehabilitación, complementar con visitas domiciliarias, asegurar comunicación efectiva, corroborar alfabetización digital, utilizar recordatorios, demostrar los ejercicios, prescribir ejercicios simples e individualizados, y entregar información o material escrito. Las intervenciones para mejorar la adherencia al ejercicio deben considerar una combinación personalizada de estrategias de acuerdo con las necesidades de la persona y su contexto, de manera que el entrenamiento constituya un espacio de aprendizaje seguro y enriquecido con afectos positivos.

Introduction Antioxidants have emerged as potentially beneficial options. Present in both foods and supplements, these molecules can neutralize free radicals and modulate inflammatory processes, both of which are implicated in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Although the results of antioxidants have been promising, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and sometimes inconsistent. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate and critically analyze the available data. Objective This systematic review protocol with meta-analysis aims to describe the methodology necessary to analyze the effects of antioxidant intervention compared with usual medical care on pain, physical function, and quality of life in people with osteoarthritis. Methods In conducting this literature synthesis, a comprehensive search will be executed across the Medline databases via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO to identify randomized clinical trials that satisfy the predetermined eligibility criteria. Primary outcomes, including pain, physical function, and quality of life, and secondary outcomes, such as clinical modifications, will be analyzed. The quality of the selected studies will be evaluated using the ROB-2 risk of bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence will be assessed through the GRADE method. A meta-analysis will be conducted using either a fixed- or random-effects model, depending on the degree of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I 2 statistic. If the outcome assessment method is homogeneous, the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval will be utilized; otherwise, the standardized mean difference (SMD) will be employed to calculate the effect size. Discussion Osteoarthritis imposes a substantial clinical and socioeconomic burden, and antioxidants are increasingly recognized as potential adjuvants owing to their safety and anti-inflammatory properties. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis based on this protocol will aid in determining the extent of the impact of antioxidant consumption in pertinent clinical practice. PROSPERO registration: CRD420251035393

Exercise adherence has been considered a key determinant of clinical improvement in individuals with chronic pain. However, adherence rates are limited among older adults. This narrative review aimed to describe definitions of exercise adherence, explore associated barriers and facilitators, and detail multidimensional strategies to enhance adherence in older adults with chronic pain. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. Primary and secondary studies employing quantitative and qualitative design, published in English or Spanish, were included. Five categories of strategies to improve exercise adherence among older adults with chronic pain were identified: 1) person-centered: exploring and enhancing self-efficacy, motivation, and patient knowledge; 2) provider-centered: building a therapeutic alliance, promoting motivational interviewing, and tailoring exercise prescription; 3) context-centered: fostering social support and providing a pleasant clinical environment; 4) supervised exercise: being present and monitoring exercise, providing safety information, and providing immediate feedback; 5) unsupervised exercise: offering telerehabilitation sessions, supplementing with home visits, ensuring effective communication, assessing digital literacy, using reminders, demonstrating exercises in advance, prescribing simplified and individualized exercises, and providing written materials. Interventions to enhance exercise adherence should consider a personalized combination of strategies aligned with the individual’s needs and the life context, so training functions as a safe learning environment enriched with positive affects.