The aim of this work is to improve the accuracy of cold stamping product by accommodating springback. This is a numerical approach to improve the accuracy of springback analysis and die compensation process combining the displacement adjustment (DA) method and the spring forward (SF) algorithm. This alternate hybrid method (HM) is conducted by firstly employing DA method followed by the SF method instead of either DA or SF method individually. The springback shape and the target part are used to optimize the die surfaces compensating springback. The hybrid method (HM) algorithm has been coded in Fortran and tested in two- and three-dimensional models. By implementing the HM, the springback error can be decreased and the dimensional deviation falls in the predefined tolerance range.

The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal performance of water-based Carbon Nano Material (CNM) nanofluids, particularly in the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) parameter, and to analyze the effects of nanoparticle concentration and flow rate on an experimental heat transfer system. To achieve this, the researchers prepared the nanofluid through a 2-step method. In the first step, we mixed the nanoparticles with the base fluid using a magnetic stirrer to ensure homogenization, with the CNM-Water ratio set at 30, 75, 120, and 150 ppm. In the second step, we characterized the prepared samples, determining their size, composition, and particle morphology through PSA and SEM-EDX examination, as well as measuring their density (ρ) and specific heat (Cp). The experiments were carried out using a flow rate simulation test rig with a data acquisition system, at different flow rates of 0.2, 0.6, 1, and 1.4 L/min. Temperature (T) was measured at the inlet, outlet, and heater to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient value. The study successfully investigated the direct impact of CNM concentration and flow rate, with the results showing a consistent and expected value of the coefficient compared to previous studies. The highest coefficient value was observed at 150 ppm CNM-Water ratio and a flow rate of 1.4 L/min, with a value of 1825.37 W/(m².K).

In this paper, a dynamic explicit method was used to simulate U-bending processes of aluminium and its springback. The simulation was carried out using a free software of finite element analysis code namely Impact. The model was taken from a benchmark model in Numisheet'93. The numerical results of the dynamic explicit code were compared with the results of the experimental works. After the optimization was done using the simulation process, it was found that the springback results showed a good agreement with that done by the experimental results. The software Impact was capable of simulating the U-bending processes and predicting the occurrence of springback.

Manufacturing of beverage cans is porcessed by using multi-stage ironing following deep drawing from the sheet material of aluminum and steel. An earing profiles are develops during deep drawing of cylindrical cup due to the planar anisotropic properties of sheet. Therefore, the analysis of earing is important to evaluate and control the development of earing. This paper describes a simulation of the cold ironing process in the forming cylinder cap. The ironing process in this study was focused on the prediction of height increasing, earing and thinning. Two different materials of aluminum AA5042 and AKDQ steel were selected for comparison. The results show that the increasing of cup height was in the same trend.

The objectives of the study are to develop biodegradable plastic composite and to investigate the mechanical characteristic and water absorption. It was made from polypropylene (PP) mixed with corn stalks powder. In this study, the weight fraction of polypropylene and powder was varied as 95% : 5%; 90% : 10%; 85% : 15%. For the water absorption test, the specimens were soaked in the water for 1, 7, and 14 days. The highest value of the tensile test was delivered from a specimen of 95% : 5% weight fraction. The tensile test of the soak specimen for 0, 1, 7, 14 days was obtained 17.41 MPa, 16.94 MPa, 16.11 MPa, 13.51 MPa respectively. The strain was 1.07, 1.19, 1.01, and 0.87%. The modulus of elasticity was 1686.74, 1500.42, 1712.1, and 1558.49 MPa. By adding the powder to the plastic, it was able to absorb water. The water absorption after 1, 7, and 14 days of water soak was 0.607, 1.468, and 4.651% respectively. The specimen of biodegradable plastic composites with a 95% : 5% ratio have compatible characteristics with commercial plastics and can be degraded easier than the origin plastic.

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a pivotal solid-state method revolutionizing metal joining diverse manufacturing sectors. This study explored the transformative potential of FSW in welding various metal types, both ferrous and nonferrous, by its ability to create a minimal heat-affected zone (HAZ), thereby mitigating alterations to the microstructure. This research delved into the utilization of filler materials during the FSW process. The investigation centers on scrutinizing the microstructure within the weld nugget area of FSW, employing a 3.1 mm thick aluminum 6061-T6 sheet in a butt joint configuration. Brass and zinc, each 0.2 mm thick, were selected as fillers. Microstructural analyses conducted via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) specifically targeted the weld nugget and HAZ regions. The EDS analysis revealed a higher presence of zinc fillers within the weld nugget than brass, indicating more evenly dispersed grains. SEM observations also highlighted larger grain sizes associated with brass, which could lead to welding defects such as voids and cracks. As such, the study concluded that using zinc fillers manifests a superior microstructure compared to brass during the FSW process involving aluminum 6061-T6.