The quick advancement of technology has increased commercial rivalry in telecommunications, compelling broad-band network operators to be more effective in assembling Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditures (OPEX) requirements to avoid the scissor effect. The arrival of 5G Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) eliminates costly network connections. FWA enables network operators to offer ultra-high-speed internet support in residential areas where fiber is expensive to construct and maintain. The objective of this research is to determine the required number of gNodeB for capacity and coverage planning by using two different 5G frequencies, 3.5 GHz mid-band and 28 GHz mmWave, along with CAPEX and OPEX calculations in deploying 5G FWA at one of the urban residential areas in Indonesia, Citra Raya Cikupa. This research analyzes the area’s classification, forecasts the number of households from 2021 to 2026, and traffics usage to achieve an optimum number of gNodeB. This research then calculates the CAPEX and OPEX. The results show that Citra Raya Cikupa’s generated a traffic demand of 12.73 Gbps/km ² with an area of 27.6 km ² . Furthermore, using the 3.5 GHz mid-band frequency, Citra Raya Cikupa demands 67 gNodeB with a CAPEX of USD 7,221,595 and an OPEX of USD 3,169,368. While using the 28 GHz mmWave frequency, Citra Raya Cikupa needs 107 gNodeB with a CAPEX of USD 2,309,488 and an OPEX of USD 1,183,848.

The cellular technology development is evolving rapidly, along with its explosive increase in data traffic, leading to the development of the following technology, namely 5G. In order to predict the readiness of the 5G deployment in Indonesia, careful planning is needed. This research aims to deploy a 5G New Radio (NR) network in Indonesia with a frequency spectrum of 3.5 GHz due to its widely used globally, wherein this research selects an urban area, Bandung city, with an area of 167.31 km ² from the year 2021 to 2026. Bandung city is selected because it is one of the big cities implementing 5G based on the KOMINFO strategic plan. This research uses a planning approach based on capacity and coverage. The capacity planning approach determines the users' projection, demand traffic, and data rates for determining the number of gNodeB. While the coverage planning uses uplink and downlink scenarios from Outdoor to Outdoor (O2O) with Line of Sight (LOS) conditions based on the 3GPP 38.901 UMa (Urban Macro) propagation model. This research shows that the 5G NR network deployment in Bandung city based on capacity requires 130 gNodeB for uplink and 69 gNodeB for downlink. While for coverage, 61 gNodeB is needed for uplink and 97 gNodeB for downlink. Based on the results, the selected gNodeB number needed in Bandung city is 130 gNodeB. It also requires a traffic demand of 2.18 Gbps/km ² , with a maximum data rate for the uplink of 1.875 Gbps and a downlink of 3.506 Gbps.

An essential resource for the deployment of 5G technology is the frequency spectrum. A high spectrum provides high data rates and a large bandwidth to support many new devices, applications, and services that meet the needs across multiple domains. However, a high spectrum has a smaller range (10–100 m ² ) with a sub-6 GHz spectrum. So, it takes careful design for 5G implementation using high frequencies (mmWave). As a result, this research will plan a 5G New Radio (NR) network implementation employing a 28 GHz mmWave frequency. The dense urban scenario research design was carried out by selecting Central Jakarta as the research object. Central Jakarta was chosen as a pilot project because it is feasible in market potential and infrastructure support to pre-pare 5G implementation in Indonesia. The capacity approach considers the data rate and users, while the coverage approach considers Maximum Allowable Path Loss (MAPL) parameters and path loss propagation. A propagation model based on 3GPP TS 38.901 UMi Street. The results of this study indicate that Central Jakarta requires a traffic demand of 4.72 Gbps/km ² . In addition, the deployment of a 5G NR network with mmWave frequency based on the capacity planning approach requires 33 uplink and 12 downlink gNobeB. As a result, the coverage area necessitates 738 uplink gNodeB with a coverage area of 69 m ² and 130 downlink gNodeB with a coverage area of 370 m ² . Based on these results, the gNodeB needed for Central Jakarta was selected based on downlink coverage with 738 gNodeB.

Internet use has been exceptional during the previous several decades. As a result, Wide Area Network (WAN), employed in all types of inter-data center, enterprise, and carrier networks, has become a vital infrastructure since it serves as one of the internet's most crucial transmission mediums. However, due to the transfer of enterprise data to the cloud, internet traffic in the future is changing. As a result, traditional WAN connectivity will be inadequate. One of the viable solutions to this is to implement Software-Defined WAN (SD-WAN) for enterprises, particularly in Business-to-Business (B2B). SD-WAN replaces existing Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) with multi-broadband internet with high bandwidth, encrypted with Virtual Private Network (VPN) IP Sec standard, and simplifies branch management with a single dashboard covering multiple branches. This study aims to evaluate the performance of deploying SD-WAN on mining enterprises' public links such as Direct Internet Access (DIA), fixed broadband, and 4G LTE, and private links, namely, Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) and Multi-Protocol Layer Switching (MPLS), by utilizing SD-WAN's architecture and scenarios testing with the head office in Jakarta and branch office in Balikpapan. The results obtained that SD-WAN works appropriately when one of the multiple links is down. Meanwhile, when multiple links are down, the SD-WAN can still access a Voice over IP (VoIP) and video conference between the head office in Jakarta and a branch office in Balikpapan.

Jakarta city is the capital and the economic center region for one of the largest countries in the world, Indonesia. The massive annual number of migrants that move to Jakarta city municipals; Thousand Islands, South Jakarta, East Jakarta, Central Jakarta, West Jakarta, and North Jakarta, pushed the traffic demand to be doubled or tripled every year. Therefore, it is crucial to prepared the latest cellular technology that could accommodate this considerable traffic. This research aims to use the 5G NR network planning with the frequency of 3.5 GHz and bandwidth 100 MHz to determine the required number of gNodeB for the capacity and coverage planning with user projection from 2021 until 2026 by engaging a case study in a dense urban area, Jakarta city that has a total area of 662.33 km ² . The highest required number of gNodeB for both capacity and coverage planning among the municipals is located in East Jakarta. Capacity planning requires 203 gNodeB. In comparison, coverage planning requires 194 gNodeB. Meanwhile, the total required gNodeB and generated traffic demand forecast for all municipals in Jakarta city is 778 gNodeB and 17.68 Gbps/km ² , respectively.

The large bandwidth generated by the high-band millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency causes the mmWave to provide a faster access speed. However, this frequency has an area coverage that is not as wide as the sub-6 GHz frequency coverage. As a result, implementing 5G NR using mmWave frequencies is expected to require a more significant number of gNodeB than other 5G frequencies. Therefore, this research will design a 5G NR network deployment using a mmWave frequency of 28 GHz. The research design was carried out for the urban scenario by selecting the Bandung city as the research object. The Bandung city was chosen because it is one of the cities made into the 5G plan by the Ministry of Communication and Information in Indonesia. This research performs calculation modeling with planning approaches based on capacity and coverage with study prediction time from 2021 to 2026. The capacity approach considers the number of market users, while the coverage approach considers Maximum Allowable Path Loss (MAPL) parameters and path loss propagation. A propagation model based on 3GPP 28.90 UMi Street canyon for LOS conditions. According to the findings of this research, Bandung City's traffic demand is 2.18 Gbps/km ² . In addition, the deployment of a 5G NR network with mmWave frequency based on capacity planning approach requires 21 uplink and 18 downlink gNobeBs. Therefore, the coverage area requires 1370 uplink gNodeB with a coverage area of 0.122 km ² and 1452 gNodeB for downlink with a coverage area of 0.115 km ² . Based on these results, the gNodeB needed for Bandung city was selected based on downlink coverage with 1452 gNodeB.