This study investigated the wound healing potential of Khaya senegalensis leaves through a comprehensive approach, including phytochemical, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, migration, and molecular docking analyses. Bioassay-guided isolation identified β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, with structures confirmed by NMR and FTIR analyses. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, and steroids, with solvent polarity significantly influencing composition. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging (IC₅₀ = 5.6 mg/mL). The methanol extract had the highest total phenolic content (198.8 mg GAE/g) while the ethyl acetate had the highest flavonoid content (1,228.1 mg QE/g). MTT assays confirmed the cytocompatibility of all extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds in HaCaT and HDF cells (>50% viability at ≤100 µg/mL). Scratch assays demonstrated significant, concentration-dependent wound closure, with optimal effects at 12.5 μg/mL. The most active fraction (1.2H) and subfractions (1.2.1H, 1.2.3H), as well as the isolated compounds, achieved complete wound closure in HDF cells within 24 hours. Molecular docking revealed strong binding of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol with TNF-α and GSK-3β, supporting their role in modulating inflammatory and proliferative pathways. These findings highlight Khaya senegalensis as a promising candidate for promoting wound repair, exerting antioxidant, cytocompatible, and pro-migratory effects.

Background: Dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), spread rapidly through Aedes mosquito bites in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to the unavailability of approved antiviral treatment for dengue, continued effort to discover antiviral candidates from natural resources is in need. Purpose: In this study, Syzygium myrtifolium (stems) and Syzygium grande (leaves and stems) extracts were assessed for their cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against DENV2 in vitro. Methods: The antiviral properties of methanolic extracts of S. myrtifolium (stem) and S. grande (leaves and stem) were determined by exposing the serially diluted extracts on DENV2-infected African green monkey kidney (Vero) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh-7). The infection rate was measured by an immunofluorescence-based high-content screening technique. The synthesis of virus progeny was measured by a plaque assay. The ATP-based luminescent assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity effect of the extracts on Vero cells and Huh-7. Results: Low cytotoxicity effects of S. myrtifolium (stem) and S. grande (leaves and stem) extracts were shown in Huh-7 and Vero cells with CC₅₀ ranges from >133 to 67.36 μg/mL. The extracts of S. myrtifolium stems, S. grande leaves and S. grande stems showed potent antiviral activities at the pre-infection phase in Vero cells with EC₅₀ of 5.57, 5.37 and 10.13 μg/mL, respectively. At the post-infection phase, S. myrtifolium stem and S. grande leaf and stem extract treatments also resulted in infection-inhibitory effects with EC₅₀ of 15.01, 13.45 and 10.33 μg/mL, respectively. However, reduced antiviral activities of the extracts were observed in Huh-7 cells with EC₅₀ ranges from 40.23 to 82.83 μg/mL. Conclusions: This study provides scientific evidence on Syzygium myrtifolium and Syzygium grande as promising candidates for further investigation in the development of dengue antivirals.