Elevator traction motors are critical components of elevator systems. After the structural analysis of the traction motor, it is necessary to proceed to the production processes for the comfortable and safe use of elevator systems. In this study, the static load values for bearing lifetime calculation, belt selection, and finite element analyses (FEA) were determined. According to calculated loads; materials, bearings, belt, pulley, brake, and encoder were selected. In order to obtain a design in accordance with elevator standards, motor parts were examined for structural analysis. Finite element analyses were carried out according to the determined maximum static load values, and a new belt elevator traction motor design that provides the safety coefficients has emerged. When the FEA analysis results of bending moments are examined; the maximum Von Mises stress acting on the motor frame and shaft was obtained 17.1 MPa and 27.62 MPa respectively. The maximum Von Mises stress was obtained under the torsional moment as 71.4 MPa and the shaft is 6.1 times safe against a torsional moment. This value is the minimum safety factor of the designed system and safety factors of bending moments are higher than this value. The designed elevator machine has got 12.9 kW rated power, 1.6 m/s cabin speed, and 1175 kg carrying capacity. The advantage of the proposed design is to eliminate the casting process with modular structure via double side belt system. The prototype of the designed motor was produced and it was observed that the motor provided the desired constraints as a result of the loading experiments.

Electric motors are actively used in various industries. Acoustic noise is crucial in electric motors, and specific standards are depending on their application areas. Despite better performance, including acoustic noise, than brushed motors, brushless motors still generate acoustic noise due to their mechanical, electrical, and electronic components. This study investigated the impact of varying the switching frequency through the driver on the acoustic noise of an external rotor brushless DC motor. Tests were conducted on a surface-mounted magnet brushless motor with different switching frequencies, and detailed information about the sections of the control board governing the brushless motor was provided. The study includes measurements of motor speed, current, switching frequency, phase signal, and acoustic noise measured at two different locations in decibels. It was observed that the acoustic noise increased at specific switching frequencies. Furthermore, the variation in switching frequency also affected the heating due to losses in the switching elements. Increasing the switching frequency in the 12-28 kHz range reduced motor speed and the measured acoustic noise, while temperature increases were observed in various frequency ranges.

This study presents the design, modeling, and prototyping of an external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (ER-PMSM) specifically for elevator traction systems. The external rotor design aims to surpass the efficiency of conventional inner rotor gearless elevator traction motors. A commercially available 4 kW inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (IR-PMSM) was selected for comparative analysis. Critical parameters, including stator tooth tip thickness, slot tip radius, slot height, stator yoke height, stator tooth thickness, and the number of turns per phase, were optimized to enhance efficiency. The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm was utilized for the first time to determine the optimal configuration of an external rotor PMSM. The prototype was fabricated and subjected to rigorous testing using a dedicated electrical motor test setup. Comparative results demonstrated a significant improvement in efficiency for the ER-PMSM over the IR-PMSM, with the efficiency increasing from 72.5% to 84.67% at nominal operating conditions.

This study investigates the influence of rotor design on the performance of interior permanent magnet brushless DC (IPM-BLDC) motors used in axial fan applications, which span from industrial cooling systems to automotive technologies. Two alternative rotor topologies with a 12/8 slot–pole configuration were analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). The evaluation focused on key performance metrics, including torque ripple, cogging torque, and efficiency. The optimized flux-barrier rotor demonstrated a 55.36% reduction in cogging torque, a 1.23% improvement in efficiency, and a 2.23% decrease in torque ripple relative to the baseline design. Based on these results, the superior rotor geometry was prototyped, and the numerical findings were experimentally validated through performance testing. The outcomes confirm that rotor flux-barrier optimization enhances the overall efficiency and operational stability of IPM-BLDC motors in axial fan applications.