The penetration level of renewable energy sources is increasing worldwide with incentives and subsidies for declining greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, determining the optimal location and size of renewable distributed generators (RDGs) remains a challenging task, owing to the uncontrollable reactance that dominates power distribution networks in voltage control and its sensitivity to weather conditions. Hence, without considering the reactive compensation of generators, RDG integration incurs undesired total power losses and puts the system at risk for voltage instability and collapse. This research proposes Load Disabling Nodal Analysis for Robust Voltage Stability (LDNA-RVS), a method that determines the optimal location and size of RDGs and aims to improve robust voltage stability by considering reactive compensation while enhancing the loss reduction efficiency (LRE) of the RDG integration. The proposed LDNA-RVS method has been applied to the IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus test distribution systems, and the results are compared with other techniques to prove its effectiveness in terms of robust voltage stability and LRE against the uncontrollable reactive compensation.

The integration of renewable resources into the existing power distribution system is expanding to reduce gas emissions, treat climate change and satisfy the current global need for clean energy. If the location and size of these renewable generators are determined without considering uncontrollable reactive power compensation caused by their intermittent nature, the resultant power system may suffer from system instability and decreased reliability. Therefore, the issue of optimal location and size of renewable resources attracts great attention. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to optimize the locations and capacities of distributed renewable generators installed in conventional power distribution systems. In particular, uncontrollable reactive power compensation of these renewable resources is considered in this paper and managed through the proposed methodology to ensure power system reliability and stability. As a result, the proposed methodology reminds us of the importance of reactive power compensation by performing better in power losses reduction and the robustness of voltage stability against variable reactive power compensation.

Energy storage systems (ESS) are essential for improving the performance and reliability of power systems, especially as renewable energy sources become more prevalent. This study focuses on determining the minimum amount of ESS needed to reduce power loss associated with integrating renewable energy. Through detailed simulations and case studies using the IEEE33 and IEEE69 bus test distribution systems, this paper demonstrates the importance of setting this minimum requirement. This helps optimize system efficiency, cut costs, and strengthen overall resilience in the face of challenges posed by renewable energy integration.