The grid integration of microgrids and the selection of energy management systems (EMS) based on robustness and energy efficiency in terms of generation, storage, and distribution are becoming more challenging with rising electrical power demand. The problems regarding exploring renewable energy resources with efficient and durable energy storage systems demand side management and sustainable solutions to microgrid development to maintain the power system’s stability and security. This article mainly focuses on the overview of the recent developments of microgrid EMS within the control strategies and the implementation challenges of the microgrid. First, it provides energy management strategies for the major microgrid components, including load, generation, and energy storage systems. Then, it presents the different optimization approaches employed for microgrid energy management, such as classical, metaheuristic, and artificial intelligence. Moreover, this article sheds light on the major implementation challenges of microgrids. Overall, this article provides interactive guidelines for researchers to assist them in deciding on their future research.

The proposed research work interfaced traditional grid with renewable microgrid system where renewable sources are working as backup during overload. A Matlab function is developed as controller unit or decision maker for the switching purpose. With the various loads it was observed how grid voltage and frequency acted with respect to time and the stability point difference was analyzed for conventional grid model and hybrid model.

The proposed scheme was successful to design and verify optical AND gate based on the cascade of Electro Absorption Modulator and Four Wave Mixing effects in a nonlinear fiber. The logical bit sequences were carried by 1550 nm pump laser at 0.3 mW. The gate was designed with 0.01 km optical fiber. The scheme was able to analyze the optical logic states for different combinations in terms of narrow and wideband pulses respectively logic `0' and logic `1'. Also the generated logic states represented it in terms of power which exceeds or below the threshold power level.