Background: Lung and colon cancers are among the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for advanced diagnostic methodologies. This study aims to develop a hybrid deep learning and machine learning framework for the classification of Colon Adenocarcinoma, Colon Benign Tissue, Lung Adenocarcinoma, Lung Benign Tissue, and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma from histopathological images. Methods: Current approaches primarily rely on the LC25000 dataset, which, due to image augmentation, lacks the generalizability required for real-time clinical applications. To address this, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) was applied to enhance image quality, and 1000 new images from the National Cancer Institute GDC Data Portal were introduced into the Colon Adenocarcinoma, Lung Adenocarcinoma, and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma classes, replacing augmented images to increase dataset diversity. A hybrid feature extraction model combining MobileNetV2 and EfficientNetB3 was optimized using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), resulting in the Lung and Colon histopathological classification technique (MEGWO-LCCHC). Cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning with Optuna were performed on various machine learning models, including XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. Results: The MEGWO-LCCHC technique achieved high classification accuracy, with the lightweight DNN model reaching 94.8%, LightGBM at 93.9%, XGBoost at 93.5%, and CatBoost at 93.3% on the test set. Conclusions: The findings suggest that our approach enhances classification performance and offers improved generalizability for real-world clinical applications. The proposed MEGWO-LCCHC framework shows promise as a robust tool in cancer diagnostics, advancing the application of AI in oncology.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled human breath serve as pivotal biomarkers for disease identification and medical diagnostics. In the context of diabetes mellitus, the noninvasive detection of acetone, a primary biomarker using electronic noses (e-noses), has gained significant attention. However, employing e-noses requires pre-trained algorithms for precise diabetes detection, often requiring a computer with a programming environment to classify newly acquired data. This study focuses on the development of an embedded system integrating Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) and an e-nose equipped with Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) sensors for real-time diabetes detection. The study encompassed 44 individuals, comprising 22 healthy individuals and 22 diagnosed with various types of diabetes mellitus. Test results highlight the XGBoost Machine Learning algorithm’s achievement of 95% detection accuracy. Additionally, the integration of deep learning algorithms, particularly deep neural networks (DNNs) and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), yielded a detection efficacy of 94.44%. These outcomes underscore the potency of combining e-noses with TinyML in embedded systems, offering a noninvasive approach for diabetes mellitus detection.

In modern power systems, interharmonics have emerged as noninteger frequency components that appear in current or voltage signals. Double-stage AC-DC-AC converters have been identified as a primary source of interharmonics. Previous studies have highlighted modulation techniques, filters, passive components, unbalanced conditions and DC link effects as relevant factors. However, the interaction between these factors and the inertial properties of induction motors has not been explored. This study assesses various types of AC drives, including variable frequency drives (VFDs) and soft starters (AC choppers), to investigate their interaction with machine inertial properties in interharmonic generation. The employed technique for time-frequency spectral analysis is the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform combined with a clustering method. This paper demonstrates that the interaction of the inertial properties of low-power induction motors with the variations of the switching frequencies of the VFDs, the filters used in the DC link and a soft start indirectly contribute to harmonic generation and potentially to interharmonics in the electrical grid and the outputs of the inverter.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic condition affecting millions worldwide, necessitates continuous monitoring of blood glucose level (BGL). The increasing prevalence of diabetes has driven the development of non-invasive methods, such as electronic noses (e-noses), for analyzing exhaled breath and detecting biomarkers in volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Effective machine learning models require extensive patient data to ensure accurate BGL predictions, but previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes. This study addresses this limitation by employing conditional generative adversarial networks (CTGAN) to generate synthetic data from real-world tests involving 29 healthy and 29 diabetic participants, resulting in over 14,000 new synthetic samples. These data were used to validate machine learning models for diabetes detection and BGL prediction, integrated into a Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) e-nose system for real-time analysis. The proposed models achieved an 86% accuracy in BGL identification using LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) and a 94.14% accuracy in diabetes detection using Random Forest. These results demonstrate the efficacy of enhancing machine learning models with both real and synthetic data, particularly in non-invasive systems integrating e-noses with TinyML. This study signifies a major advancement in non-invasive diabetes monitoring, underscoring the transformative potential of TinyML-powered e-nose systems in healthcare applications.