When excavating a tunnel, the stresses are distributed asymmetrically along the tunnel cross-section. Other factors, particularly slope friction force and excavation speed, can also contribute to the deformation and displacement of a tunnel. Despite this, several authors have used the complex potential method to predict the ground deformation surrounding the tunnel. However, their applicability to the ground response caused by the asymmetric stress distribution around the tunnel wall is analysed in this context. This paper, therefore, proposes an approximate solution on the slope to predict the tunnel cross-section deformation. The solution is based on the complex potential method to predict analytically and numerically the ground deformation around the tunnel. However, two variables called the “complex potential functions” for the Laurent series expansion are used for the stress redistribution to the tunnel boundary conditions. Data from the Qijiazhuang tunnel case are used to justify the proposed analytical solutions. This solution is an essential guide for analyzing deformations in complex geological conditions and structures, such as steeper slopes.

This study explores the mechanical properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), a high-performance composite material, focusing on how varying diameters affect its tensile strength, modulus, and elongation. Experimental data obtained from three sets of tensile tests on 10, 12, and 25 mm bars helped establish a stress–strain relationship for GFRP reinforcements, considering diameter changes, and a formula for calculating the ultimate tensile strength based on diameter. Utilizing the weakest chain theory and the Weibull distribution, the research found that GFRP’s tensile strength diminished with increased diameter, while the elastic modulus behaves oppositely. The analysis, grounded in the weakest chain theory, identifies the specimen’s effective volume as a critical factor in the size effect of GFRP bars. Moreover, the study proves a significant size effect on GFRP’s tensile properties, validating the theory’s application in predicting the strength of GFRP bars of varying sizes and recommending a specimen length range of 30–40 times its diameter for standardization purposes.

This study proposes a millimeter-wave radar telemetry method for measuring bridge dynamic deflection, addressing limitations in traditional dynamic strain measurement methods. The method was validated through dynamic load tests on a bridge in Shunyi, focusing on comparing the calculated impact coefficients. The results revealed that the measured first-order modal frequency of 5.664 Hz exceeded the theoretical value of 4.712 Hz, indicating greater structural stiffness. The forced vibration frequency at speeds of 20 km/h, 30 km/h, and 40 km/h consistently matched the 5.664 Hz value. Impact coefficients were also analyzed, with measured values of 0.133, 0.088, and 0.183 for the respective speeds, averaging 0.135, which is lower than the theoretical average of 0.258, suggesting favorable driving conditions. The study identified a ratio of 1.12 between the dynamic strain and deflection amplification coefficients, offering insights into the dynamic behavior of simply-supported bridges. The millimeter-wave radar method demonstrated high accuracy in calculating impact coefficients and proved less sensitive to external environmental conditions, making it a robust tool for dynamic deflection testing. These findings indicate that the proposed method provides a precise and comprehensive assessment of bridge structural dynamics.