Nowadays, Indonesian palm oil faces agrarian, environmental, and social issues and has been subject to sharp criticism from the international community for many years. To answer this problem, the Indonesian government implemented a strategy through certification which ensured the achievement of sustainability standards, especially on the upstream side of the palm oil supply chain. The implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) was an ultimate instrument that applied in particular to smallholders oriented towards managing land legal issues, plantation business licenses, plant seeds, and environmental management and to farmer organizations at the local level. However, this process faced quite complex challenges in the form of structural barriers that are very constraining. This study revealed the occurrence of the phenomenon of hollow governance when regulations are absent or collide with each other. The study also revealed institutional power and multi-level governance that made the governance process ineffective or counterproductive. With a qualitative approach to research conducted in three important palm oil provinces of Indonesia, this article aims to look at the issues of oil palm governance a bit more comprehensively. The study conceptualized what was referred to as low-functioning governance to describe how weak the institutions, organizations, actors, and resources are that support ISPO implementation, especially at the regional and local levels. This paper suggests improving and strengthening the ISPO oil palm governance if Indonesian palm oil companies and smallholders want to gain better credibility on sustainability abroad.

The expansion of oil palm plantation has caused adverse impacts on the ecosystem. It has been associated with deforestation, biodiversity loss, disturbances to environmental services and livelihood change. The government of Indonesia has made an effort to control the negative effects by issuing relevant policies. One of the policies is Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO)’s sustainability standards to which large-scale plantations and smallholders are obliged to adhere. This study assesses the readiness of two types of smallholders, namely, the nucleus–plasma scheme and independent smallholders to adopt ISPO standards. Using a case study research approach in two oil palm plantation villages in East Kalimantan, the study found out a number of ISPO implementation challenges, grouped into structural and socio-cultural challenges, which make smallholders less ready to adhere to this mandatory policy. Coping with these challenges, this study proposed that land and business legality programs be expedited to strengthen property rights, and that training and education programs be intensified to enhance awareness, knowledge and capacity of smallholders to enable them to comply with sustainability standards.

Perkebunan kelapa sawit berdampak negatif pada aspek-aspek lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi komunitas lokal. Melalui peningkatan system tata kelola perkebunan kelapa sawit maka dapat mengurangi dampak negatif tersebut. System tata kelola seperti sertifikasi dan standar-standar keberlanjutan diinisiasi oleh produser, distributor, pemerintah, akademisi, pasar internasional dan LSM. Sistem tata kelola ini dapat mencakup skala global atau nasional. Indonesia telah mengimplementasikan system tata kelola yang berskala global dan nasional namun belum semua perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan smallholder mengimplementasikanya. Oleh karena itu, sistem tata kelola tersebut belum berhasil menurunkan dampak negatif ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Konflik sosial masih sering terjadi akibat dari kebakaran hutan dan pencemaran lingkungan. Di Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit terjadi secara cepat dimana ekspansi tersebut ada yang tidak menerapkan sistem tata kelola perkebunan kelapa sawit. Menggunakan metode survey dan wawancara mendalam, penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur dampak ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit pada kerentanan ekologi, sosial dan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa (1) RSPO dan ISPO belum bisa menekan laju deforestasi akibat ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit; (2) Walaupun RSPO dan ISPO diimplementasikan, masih tetap terjadi konflik sosial dan kerentanan ekonomi pada komunitas lokal.

Tren peningkatan jumlah sampah tingkat global dan nasional mengancam aspek kesehatan manusia dan kesehatan lingkungan hidup. Presentase sampah didominasi dari jenis sampah makanan dan limbah biologis. Kedua jenis sampah ini bersumber dari kegiatan rumahtangga berupa kegiatan konsumsi dan produksi. Jumlah sampah makanan meningkat dapat disebabkan oleh pola konsumsi, keterampilan pengelolaan makanan, dan tingkat kepentingan harga makanan. Sedangkan limbah biologis dapat berupa daun dan batang sisa usaha pertanian yang dilakukan oleh rumahtangga. Kegiatan-kegiatan dalam rumahtangga berpotensi menghasilkan sampah, maka penting dilakukan pengelolaan sampah rumahtangga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi sumber sampah rumahtangga dan peran perempuan dalam penerapan pendekatan 6R untuk pengelolaan sampah rumahtangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Bojonegoro, Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 120 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelian kebutuhan dapur menjadi kegiatan utama penghasil sampah dan aktivitas pertanian menjadi sumber kegiatan utama yang menghasilkan sampah organik di seluruh desa yang menjadi lokasi penelitian. Sementara itu, sampah anorganik dihasilkan oleh kegiatan utama pembelian makanan, perlengkapan mandi, usaha pertanian dan perdagangan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perempuan mempunyai peran yang dominan pada pengelolaan sampah rumahtangga dengan pendekatan Rethink, Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Rot, Recycle (6R) melalui kegiatan kegiatan utama membeli produk isi ulang (refill), kegiatan menolak diberikan kantong plastik ketika berbelanja, membeli barang dalam kemasan besar dari pada kemasan saset, kegiatan penggunaan kantong kresek bekas untuk membungkus sampah, pembuatan kompos, dan pembuatan kerajinan dari sampah anorganik. Dominasi perempuan dalam pengelolaan sampah rumahtangga disebabkan oleh adanya kontruksi sosial terhadap peran perempuan dan stereotype gender.

Introduction: The current tourism trend among the community is natural tourism with the concept of "back to nature". One form of natural tourism in question is agrotourism. The development of the agricultural sector through agrotourism activities is important as an effort to empower local communities. These development activities require promotional efforts by utilizing developments in the fields of technology and information, through the use of social media. Objectives: This study aims to describe the potential, describe the forms of promotion, analyze the use of social media in supporting promotion, and analyze the extent to which social media is used the development of “Petik Apel KWB” Agrotourism. Methods: The approach to this research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Determining informants uses purposive techniques (intentionally). Data collection was carried out through a series of activities, namely interviews, observation and documentation. The data used includes primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method used is Miles and Huberman analysis. Testing the validity of the data in this research uses source triangulation with the aim of verifying the data and reducing bias related to the information that has been obtained from the research carried out. Results: The research results show that the potential of KWB Apple Picking Agrotourism is worthy of being developed as a tourist destination. The forms of promotion carried out through social media are in the form of advertising and publicity. Promotional efforts on social media, when viewed from the context, communication, collaboration and connection aspects, tend to be active on Tiktok, Whatsapp and Instagram. The use of social media as assessed by visitors in terms of message frequency, feed-back frequency, message style, image quality and message accuracy is good on social media Tiktok, Instagram and Whatsapp. The most effective social media in its use is Tiktok social media. Meanwhile, social media that is less effective is Facebook. Conclusions: Agrotourism of Petik Apel KWB is worthy to be continued its development as a tourist attraction. The thing that needs to be considered is the importance of optimizing and paying attention to the characteristics of each use of social media as an effort in developing agrotourism as the key to introducing the potential it has to attract tourist visits.