Objectives: The association between coffee intake and hypertension (HTN) risk is controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing the current evidence on the association of coffee with hypertension risk in observational studies. Methods: PubMed/Medline and Web of Science were searched for observational studies up to February 2023. Observational studies which assessed the risk of HTN in the highest category of coffee consumption in comparison with the lowest intake were included in the current meta-analysis (registration number: CRD42022371494). The pooled effect of coffee on HTN was evaluated using a random-effects model. Results: Twenty-five studies i.e., thirteen cross-sectional studies and twelve cohorts were identified to be eligible. Combining 13 extracted effect sizes from cohort studies showed that higher coffee consumption was associated with 7% reduction in the risk of HTN (95% CI: 0.88, 0.97; I²: 22.3%), whereas combining 16 effect sizes from cross-sectional studies illustrated a greater reduction in HTN risk (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.87; I² = 63.2%). These results varied by studies characteristics, such as the region of study, participants’ sex, study quality, and sample size. Conclusions: An inverse association was found between coffee consumption and hypertension risk in both cross-sectional and cohort studies. However, this association was dependent on studies characteristics. Further studies considering such factors are required to confirm the results of this study.

Although pain is a frequent complaint of patients with chronic kidney disease who undergo hemodialysis, few studies have assessed the functional interference of pain in activities of daily living (ADLs). Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, location, intensity, and functional interference of pain in ADLs of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and to estimate the association of specific pain sites with severe functional interference by pain in ADLs. This cross-sectional study included patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. The prevalence, intensity, and functional interference of pain in ADLs were assessed using the brief pain inventory. Poisson regression was used to calculate the prevalence ratio. A total of 65 patients participated in the study. The overall prevalence of pain was 89.23%; the prevalence of headache was 18.46% and that of pain in the trunk was 55.38%, upper limbs was 35.38%, and lower limbs was 60.00%. The prevalence of moderate and severe pain at the time of hemodialysis was 13.85% and 21.54%, respectively. A high prevalence of severe functional interference of pain in general activity (61.54%), mobility (56.92%), and disposition (55.38%) was observed. Pain is a frequent complaint in patients undergoing hemodialysis, mainly musculoskeletal and intradialytic, and it interferes with ADLs and incapacitates the patient. Pain was highly prevalent in the upper and lower limbs and the trunk. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of severe pain at the time of hemodialysis and functional interference of pain, mainly in general activity, mobility, and disposition, were observed.

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on mortality and several adverse health outcomes. It has also affected education as schools and universities had to adapt to remote learning due to social isolation strategies. Objective: to analyze the pandemic’s impact on medical education including undergraduate and graduate students and lecturers, as follow: i) teaching methods adopted by education institutes during shutdown, ii) students and lecturers’ perceptions and iii) impacts on students’ mental health. Methods: this systematic review includes the following study designs: cross-sectional, surveys, case-control, cohort, and clinical trials. The literature search was performed in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and SciELO . The risk of bias and the quality of the evidence were evaluated. Results: a total of 1,576 articles were identified through searching databases, and 40 articles were included. We found the use of several teaching methods such as virtual platforms and social media, pre-recorded videos, discussion forums and others. Student’s challenges related to interference during online study such as family distractions, lack of a study room, challenges with internet connectivity, difficulties in communication between students and lecturers, gaps encountered during clinical skills learning. Lecturers’ challenges were difficulty in grasping students’ progress and learning outcomes and the lack of experience in online teaching. Only five studies explored mental health issues of medical students and found the occurrence of depression, anxiety, and stress. However, their prevalence was not comparable due to the use of different diagnostic instruments. Conclusion: there has been a wide range of teaching methods implemented for distance learning of medical students globally. The perceptions of medical students about these methods and their impact were also varied. Infrastructure, family, and curriculum problems represented the greatest difficulties in adherence and satisfaction with distance learning. However, the flexibility of digital learning was one of the factors that helped reduce these problems. Regarding mental health, the occurrence of anxiety, depression, and stress was reported.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) e o medo em relação à pandemia doSars-CoV-2 entre acadêmicos de Ciências da Saúde em instituições de ensinosuperior (IES) pública e privada, no interior do estado de Goiás.MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal. Foram incluídos estudantes dos cursos deBiomedicina, Educação Física, Enfermagem, Farmácia, Medicina e Nutrição, queestavam devidamente matriculados em suas IES, acima de 18 anos, de ambos ossexos. Para avaliação da qualidade de vida, foi o utilizado o instrumentoWHOQOL-bref (versão em português). Para análise estatística, utilizou-se ocoeficiente alfa de Cronbach, teste Shapiro-Wilk (p>0,05) e teste t para amostrasindependentes (p<0,05).RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 119 participantes, destes, 83,2%(n=99) estudavam-na IES pública, com predominância de 76,5% (n=91) estudantesdo sexo feminino. A média dos domínios de QV dos grupos de IES pública eprivada foram, respectivamente: físico 62,8 (±16,6) e 63,2 (±19,8), psicológico56,9 (±17,7) e 52,0 (±23,9), relações sociais 61,1 (±21,0) e 57,5 (±20,9), meioambiente 62,6 (±12,9) e 62,5 (±16,0) e QV geral 60,9 (±13,4) e 58,8 (±16,6).Também foi observado que 53,8% (n=64) dos participantes relataram estar muitoou completamente receosos em relação ao coronavírus no início da pandemia.CONCLUSÕES: O distanciamento social, o período atípico proporcionado pelapandemia e o receio do Sars-CoV-2, geraram uma QV geral moderada emacadêmicos de Ciências da Saúde. Os domínios mais afetados foram o psicológicoe as relações sociais.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico de medidas antropométricas de adiposidade para detecção de diabetes e pré-diabetes em adultos brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de inquéritos nacionais, como exames laboratoriais de hemoglobina glicada. Considerou-se diabetes com hemoglobina glicada ≥6,5% ou quando havia uso de hipoglicemiantes; pré-diabetes com hemoglobina glicada ≥5,7% e <6,5%. As prevalências de diabetes e pré-diabetes foram estimadas com os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). O desempenho diagnóstico dos índices antropométricos - índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), razão circunferência/altura (RCE) e índice de forma corporal - foram avaliados por meio da área sob a curva ROC (AUC), a sensibilidade, a especificidade, o valor preditivo positivo e negativo e o índice de Youden, estratificados por sexo e faixa etária. Resultados: 8.435 indivíduos participaram do estudo. A prevalência de diabetes foi 8,6% (IC95% 7,8; 9,3), e a de pré-diabetes 16,2% (IC95% 15,1; 17,3). Em homens <40 anos, a AUC dos índices antropométricos foi próxima de 0,5; entre 40 e 59 anos, variou de 0,66 a 0,71; em idosos, a CC apresentou AUC de 0,72. Em mulheres <40 anos, a AUC da RCE foi 0,77; entre 40 e 59 anos, variou de 0,64 a 0,69; e em idosas, a AUC da CC foi 0,66. Para pré-diabetes, as AUCs foram menores: em homens, variaram de 0,58 a 0,63; em mulheres, de 0,60 a 0,65. Conclusão: A CC foi o índice de melhor desempenho para discriminar indivíduos com diabetes, enquanto a RCE mostrou maior acurácia entre adultos <60 anos.