Managing the increasing traffic is a big problem all over the world. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) provides solution to these problems with the help of new technologies. ITS is an integrated system that implements a broad range of communication, control, vehicle sensing and electronics technologies to solve and manage the traffic problems. ITS is being used in the developed countries since past two decades, but it is still a new concept when developing countries like India, Brazil, China, South Africa etc. are concerned. In the present study we have studied four major parts of the ITS i.e., Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS), Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS), and Emergency Management System (EMS). Objective of the paper is to study various ITS architecture and model and review such models to get in-depth of their architecture. Hence architecture and developed models over the years of four major branches of ITS have been reviewed here to make a comparison analysis of different models that have been developed by the researchers in their studies. It will lead to the gaps in the knowledge which can be further studied. The paper highlights the conclusions extracted from the studies of different systems and also gives the future scope in the field of ITS to make it more user friendly and accessible.

The main objective of the study was to characterize the fatigue and rutting behavior of polymer-modified asphalt binders, by determining the effect of temperature and stress/strain levels on the results of multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test. The modifiers included styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). These effects were quantified by means of nonrecoverable creep compliance ($J_{\mathrm{nr}}$ ) and percent recovery ($R$ ) values in MSCR, and fatigue power law model Parameters $A$ and $\alpha$ in LAS test. The results were also compared with the conventional binders, VG 10 and VG 30. A new methodology has been proposed to rank the binders based on different sets of priority given to various test parameters. From the laboratory investigation it was found that EVA-modified binder showed good performance at high temperatures, with the lowest $J_{\mathrm{nr}}$ values, but was found to be highly strain susceptible at intermediate temperatures. Stress levels had significant effect on the $R$ values in the MSCR test. The fatigue life for all the binders in the LAS test was found to be sensitive to the values of $A$ and $\alpha$ . Conventional binders were found to have higher fatigue life than EVA-modified binders at intermediate temperatures and higher strain levels. SBS-modified binder performed well in both rutting and fatigue. The proposed methodology for evaluation of ranking can be successfully used to choose the best performing binder from a set of different binders based on the priority given to different tests. The usefulness of the methodology has been demonstrated using a suitable example.

The loss of adhesion is one of the primary mechanisms of physical distress in asphalt mixes since it negatively affects the durability of asphalt mix. The effect of filler on this mechanism was explored by analyzing active and passive adhesions between the aggregates and the bitumen that constitute asphalt mix. As part of the analysis, the measurement of mixing times and Boiling Water Tests were conducted. Five types of fillers of different sources, constituting of conventional (natural stone dust) and waste fillers (glass powder from glass industry, bauxite residue from aluminum industry, Kota stone dust from dimension stone industry and copper tailings from mining industry) were added at variable compositions (4, 5.5, 7 and 8.5% by weight of aggregates) in mixes to generalise the conclusions. The statistical analysis of results confirmed that type of filler and their quantity in asphalt mixes, significantly affect both active and passive adhesion. The results also indicated that use of calcium-based fillers (natural stone dust and Kota stone dust) result in significant improvement in both adhesions. Whereas, use of silica-based glass powder filler results in the worst active and passive adhesions and should be used judiciously.